{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T14:38:06Z","timestamp":1788964686373,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":173,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,16]],"date-time":"2020-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D is a secosteroid with a pleiotropic role in multiple physiological processes. Besides the well-known activity on bone homeostasis, recent studies suggested a peculiar role of vitamin D in different non-skeletal pathways, including a key role in the modulation of immune responses. Recent evidences demonstrated that vitamin D acts on innate and adaptative immunity and seems to exert an immunomodulating action on autoimmune diseases and cancers. Several studies demonstrated a relationship between vitamin D deficiency, autoimmune thyroid disorders, and thyroid cancer. This review aims to summarize the evidences on the immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D on thyroid diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T02:43:42Z","timestamp":1589769822000},"page":"1444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D in Thyroid Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2880-9373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Mele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Division of General Medicine, S. Giuseppe Hospital, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28824 Verbania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Caputo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, University Hospital \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Bisceglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Sam\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, University Hospital \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Zavattaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, University Hospital \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Aimaretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, University Hospital \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loredana","family":"Pagano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9660-5335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavia","family":"Prodam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, University Hospital \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3215-5747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Marzullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Division of General Medicine, S. 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