{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T05:28:15Z","timestamp":1792301295303,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D (VD) levels have been gaining growing attention in Oral Health. During growth and adulthood, VD deficiency (VDD) is associated with a wide variety of oral health disorders, and impaired VD synthesis may expedite some of these conditions. In children, severe VDD can induce defective tooth mineralization, resulting in dentin and enamel defects. As a consequence, these defects may increase the risk of the onset and progression of dental caries. Further, VDD has been associated with higher prevalence of periodontitis and gingival inflammation, and several recent preclinical and clinical studies have unveiled potential pathways through which Vitamin D may interact with the periodontium. VDD correction through supplementation may contribute to a successful treatment of periodontitis; however, alveolar bone regeneration procedures performed in baseline VDD patients seem more prone to failure. Vitamin D may also be linked with some oral pathology entities such as certain oral cancers and events of osteonecrosis of the jaw. This review aims to provide comprehensive evidence of how VD levels should be considered to promote good oral health, and to summarize how VDD may hamper oral development and its role in certain oral conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T02:48:24Z","timestamp":1589942904000},"page":"1471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":208,"title":["Vitamin D Deficiency and Oral Health: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1019-8263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Botelho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontology Department, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz\u2014Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal"},{"name":"CRU, CiiEM, Egas Moniz\u2014Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2503-260X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontology Department, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz\u2014Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal"},{"name":"CRU, CiiEM, Egas Moniz\u2014Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal"},{"name":"Orthodontics Department, CRU, CiiEM, Egas Moniz\u2013Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8482-5936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Proen\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quantitative Methods for Health Research Unit (MQIS), CiiEM, Egas Moniz\u2014Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Sintra","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRU, CiiEM, Egas Moniz\u2014Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal"},{"name":"Orthodontics Department, CRU, CiiEM, Egas Moniz\u2013Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0167-4077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Jo\u00e3o","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRU, CiiEM, Egas Moniz\u2014Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2012.688897","article-title":"Vitamin D bioavailability: State of the art","volume":"55","author":"Borel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit. 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