{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:16:05Z","timestamp":1792120565213,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]],"date-time":"2020-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Epidemiological data indicate that a diet rich in plant polyphenols has a positive effect on brain functions, improving memory and cognition in humans. Direct activity of ingested phenolics on brain neurons may be one of plausible mechanisms explaining these data. This also suggests that some phenolics can cross the blood-brain barrier and be present in the brain or cerebrospinal fluid. We measured 12 phenolics (a combination of the solid-phase extraction technique with high-performance liquid chromatography) in cerebrospinal fluid and matched plasma samples from 28 patients undergoing diagnostic lumbar puncture due to neurological disorders. Homovanillic acid, 3-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid and caffeic acid were detectable in cerebrospinal fluid reaching concentrations (median; interquartile range) 0.18; 0.14 \u00b5mol\/L, 4.35; 7.36 \u00b5mol\/L and 0.02; 0.01 \u00b5mol\/L, respectively. Plasma concentrations of caffeic acid (0.03; 0.01 \u00b5mol\/L) did not correlate with those in cerebrospinal fluid (\u03c1 = \u22120.109, p = 0.58). Because food (fruits and vegetables) is the only source of caffeic acid in human body fluids, our results indicate that the same dietary phenolics can cross blood-brain barrier in humans, and that transportation of caffeic acid through this barrier is not the result of simple or facilitated diffusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]],"date-time":"2020-05-25T06:43:40Z","timestamp":1590389020000},"page":"1531","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["The Presence of Caffeic Acid in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Evidence That Dietary Polyphenols Can Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier in Humans"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Izabela","family":"Grabska-Kobylecka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justyna","family":"Kaczmarek-Bak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Figlus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Prymont-Przyminska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Zwolinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell-to-Cell Communication Department, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Sarniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Wlodarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Glabinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3445-6930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Polyphenols as dietary supplements: A double-edged sword","volume":"2","author":"Martin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nutr. 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