{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T16:15:06Z","timestamp":1792858506772,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]],"date-time":"2020-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cachexia is a major characteristic of multiple non-malignant diseases, advanced and metastatic cancers and it is highly prevalent in pancreatic cancer, affecting almost 70%\u201380% of the patients. Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial condition accompanied by compromised appetite and changes in body composition, i.e., loss of fat. It is associated with lower effectiveness of treatment, compromised quality of life, and higher mortality. Understanding the complex pathways underlying the pathophysiology of cancer cachexia, new therapeutic targets will be unraveled. The interplay between tumor and host factors, such as cytokines, holds a central role in cachexia pathophysiology. Cytokines are possibly responsible for anorexia, hypermetabolism, muscle proteolysis, and apoptosis. In particular, cachexia in pancreatic cancer might be the result of the surgical removal of pancreas parts. In recent years, many studies have been carried out to identify an effective treatment algorithm for cachexia. Choosing the most appropriate treatment, the clinical effect and the risk of adverse effects should be taken under consideration. The purpose of this review is to highlight the pathophysiological mechanisms as well as the current ways of cachexia treatment in the pharmaceutical and the nutrition field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]],"date-time":"2020-05-27T05:35:52Z","timestamp":1590557752000},"page":"1543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":129,"title":["Pancreatic Cancer and Cachexia\u2014Metabolic Mechanisms and Novel Insights"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0023-8102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kalliopi Anna","family":"Poulia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5848-7905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Sarantis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitra","family":"Antoniadou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Department of Daily Hospitality, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evangelos","family":"Koustas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Papadimitropoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5803-4527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanasios G.","family":"Papavassiliou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1369-8201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michalis V.","family":"Karamouzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"629","article-title":"Systemic Inflammation in Cachexia\u2014Is Tumor Cytokine Expression Profile the Culprit?","volume":"6","author":"Lima","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. 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