{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T03:05:51Z","timestamp":1788231951730,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]],"date-time":"2020-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R$1500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R$1500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) manifest nonmotor and motor symptoms. Autonomic cardiovascular dysregulation is a common nonmotor manifestation associated with increased morbimortality. Conventional clinical treatment alleviates motor signs but does not change disease progression and fails in handling nonmotor features. Nutrition is a key modifiable determinant of chronic disease. This study aimed to assess the effects of propolis on cardiological features, heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) and on nigrostriatal dopaminergic damage, detected by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity, in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model of PD. Male Wistar rats were injected bilaterally with 6-OHDA or saline into the striatum and were treated with propolis or water for 40 days. Autonomic function was assessed by time domain parameters (standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) and square root of the mean of the squared differences between adjacent normal RR intervals (RMSSD)) of HRV calculated from electrocardiogram recordings. Reductions in HR (p = 1.47 \u00d7 10\u221219), SDNN (p = 3.42 \u00d7 10\u221210) and RMSSD (p = 8.2 \u00d7 10\u22126) detected in parkinsonian rats were reverted by propolis. Propolis attenuated neuronal loss in the substantia nigra (p = 5.66 \u00d7 10\u221215) and reduced striatal fiber degeneration (p = 7.4 \u00d7 10\u22125) in 6-OHDA-injured rats, which also showed significant weight gain (p = 1.07 \u00d7 10\u22125) in comparison to 6-OHDA-lesioned counterparts. Propolis confers cardioprotection and neuroprotection in the 6-OHDA rat model of PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]],"date-time":"2020-05-27T05:35:52Z","timestamp":1590557752000},"page":"1551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Propolis as a Potential Disease-Modifying Strategy in Parkinson\u2019s disease: Cardioprotective and Neuroprotective Effects in the 6-OHDA Rat Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5536-0308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"C. Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Disciplina de Neuroci\u00eancia, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 04039-032, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0078-993X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"J. L. L. Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disciplina de Neuroci\u00eancia, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 04039-032, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9238-5379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom\u00e1s","family":"de la Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disciplina de Neuroci\u00eancia, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 04039-032, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4893-338X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f4nio-Carlos","family":"G. de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Neuroci\u00eancias Experimental e Computacional, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o del-Rei (UFSJ), Minas Gerais 36301-160, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00falvio","family":"A. Scorza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disciplina de Neuroci\u00eancia, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 04039-032, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"A. Scorza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disciplina de Neuroci\u00eancia, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 04039-032, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2006.12.004","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells: Involvement of hydrogen peroxide-dependent and -independent action","volume":"42","author":"Saito","year":"2007","journal-title":"Free Radic. 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