{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T22:10:50Z","timestamp":1792015850358,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Accumulating evidence from animal and human studies indicates a role for vitamin D in female reproductive physiology, and numerous clinical studies have suggested its potential benefit for various aspects of human reproduction. Anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH) is an ovarian biomarker that plays an important role in folliculogenesis. It is the most sensitive ovarian reserve marker and is widely used clinically in reproductive medicine. While initial studies have suggested that vitamin D may be associated with ovarian reserve markers, including AMH, evidence has been conflicting. Currently, there is considerable debate in the field whether vitamin D has the capacity to influence ovarian reserve, as indicated by the AMH level. The current systematic review aims to evaluate and summarize the available evidence regarding the relationship between vitamin D and AMH. In total, 18 observational studies and 6 interventional studies were included in this systematic review. Cross-sectional studies have reported largely discrepant findings regarding an association between serum vitamin D and AMH levels, which are likely due to the heterogeneity in study populations, as well as the apparently complex relationship that may exist between vitamin D and AMH. However, meta-analysis of interventional studies performed herein that examined the effects of vitamin D supplementation on serum AMH levels indicates a cause-effect relationship between vitamin D and AMH, the direction of which appears to depend on a woman\u2019s ovulatory status. Serum AMH was significantly decreased following vitamin D supplementation in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) women (standardized mean difference (SMD) \u22120.53, 95% CI \u22120.91 to \u22120.15, p &lt; 0.007), while it was significantly increased following vitamin D supplementation in ovulatory women without PCOS (SMD 0.49, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.80, p = 0.003). In conclusion, the results of this systematic review demonstrate that the relationship between vitamin D and AMH is a complex one, and large, randomized trials of vitamin D supplementation focusing on different vitamin D status ranges are necessary to gain more insight into the nature of this relationship and the potential benefit of vitamin D to female reproduction in general.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T10:02:45Z","timestamp":1590660165000},"page":"1567","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["The Association between Vitamin D and Anti-M\u00fcllerian Hormone: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Irene","family":"Moridi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Endocrinology &amp; Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Queens Hospital Center, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5682-0089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Endocrinology &amp; Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oded","family":"Tal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business and Hospitality, Conestoga College, Kitchener, ON N2G 4M4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reshef","family":"Tal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Endocrinology &amp; Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency","volume":"357","author":"Holick","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002654","article-title":"Role of vitamin D in atherosclerosis","volume":"128","author":"Kassi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03701.x","article-title":"Reducing fracture risk with calcium and vitamin D","volume":"73","author":"Lips","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1123933","article-title":"Toll-like receptor triggering of a vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial response","volume":"311","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.4.7403","article-title":"Vitamin D is an important factor in estrogen biosynthesis of both female and male gonads","volume":"141","author":"Kinuta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(89)79170-0","article-title":"Recent developments in the roles of vitamins and minerals in reproduction","volume":"72","author":"Hurley","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0910059","article-title":"1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 induces in vivo the decidualization of rat endometrial cells","volume":"91","author":"Halhali","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2005.06.002","article-title":"Calcium and vitamin D status in the adolescent: Key roles for bone, body weight, glucose tolerance, and estrogen biosynthesis","volume":"18","author":"Harkness","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pediatric Adolesc. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.09.045","article-title":"Vitamin D3 receptor is expressed in the endometrium of cycling mice throughout the estrous cycle","volume":"93","author":"Zarnani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2011.06.013","article-title":"Expression profiling of vitamin D receptor in placenta, decidua and ovary of pregnant mice","volume":"32","author":"Shahbazi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.011684","article-title":"Effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on pancreatic beta cell function, insulin sensitivity, and glycemia in adults at high risk of diabetes: The Calcium and Vitamin D for Diabetes Mellitus (CaDDM) randomized controlled trial","volume":"94","author":"Mitri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-12-31","article-title":"The role of vitamin D in pulmonary disease: COPD, asthma, infection, and cancer","volume":"12","author":"Herr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SMJ.0000397893.94525.0e","article-title":"Protean manifestations of vitamin D deficiency, part 2: Deficiency and its association with autoimmune disease, cancer, infection, asthma, dermopathies, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes","volume":"104","author":"Bell","year":"2011","journal-title":"South. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.04.046","article-title":"Role of vitamin D in ovarian physiology and its implication in reproduction: A systematic review","volume":"102","author":"Irani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/110.8.1573","article-title":"Effect of vitamin D deficiency on fertility and reproductive capacity in the female rat","volume":"110","author":"Halloran","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0897-391","article-title":"Mice lacking the vitamin D receptor exhibit impaired bone formation, uterine hypoplasia and growth retardation after weaning","volume":"16","author":"Yoshizawa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.6.1787","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor null mutant mice fed high levels of calcium are fertile","volume":"131","author":"Johnson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E928","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00378.2010","article-title":"Defective female reproductive function in 1,25(OH)2D-deficient mice results from indirect effect mediated by extracellular calcium and\/or phosphorus","volume":"299","author":"Sun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16754","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M310271200","article-title":"Inactivation of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1alpha-hydroxylase and vitamin D receptor demonstrates independent and interdependent effects of calcium and vitamin D on skeletal and mineral homeostasis","volume":"279","author":"Panda","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"E483","article-title":"1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 restores fertility of vitamin D-deficient female rats","volume":"256","author":"Kwiecinksi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1137","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-4161","article-title":"Vitamin D alters genes involved in follicular development and steroidogenesis in human cumulus granulosa cells","volume":"99","author":"Merhi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1262837","article-title":"Vitamin D regulates steroidogenesis and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) production in human ovarian cells","volume":"42","author":"Parikh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2006.12.097","article-title":"Estradiol and progesterone synthesis in human placenta is stimulated by calcitriol","volume":"103","author":"Barrera","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4555","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7064555","article-title":"Serum Vitamin D Levels and Polycystic Ovary syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"7","author":"He","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-0134","article-title":"Vitamin D-associated polymorphisms are related to insulin resistance and vitamin D deficiency in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"164","author":"Wehr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2011.03.002","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency is common and associated with metabolic risk factors in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"60","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Metab. Clin. Exp."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12957","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.12957","article-title":"The effect of Vitamin D supplementation on hormonal and glycaemic profile of patients with PCOS: A meta-analysis of randomised trials","volume":"71","author":"Pergialiotis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-016-4247-y","article-title":"Effect of vitamin D on biochemical parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome women: A meta-analysis","volume":"295","author":"Xue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4307","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2580","article-title":"Vitamin D Supplementation Decreases TGF-beta1 Bioavailability in PCOS: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial","volume":"100","author":"Irani","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.02.014","article-title":"Mullerian Inhibiting Substance is an ovarian growth factor of emerging clinical significance","volume":"88","author":"Seifer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Romanoff, A.L., and Romanoff, A.J. (1967). Biochemistry of the Avian Embryo, Interscience Publishers. A Quantitative Analysis of Prenatal Development."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-32-3-404","article-title":"Interspecific character of the Mullerian-inhibiting substance: Action of the human fetal testis, ovary and adrenal of the fetal rat Mullerian duct in organ culture","volume":"32","author":"Josso","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod16.2.267","article-title":"Relationship between avian and mammalian anti-Mulllerian hormones","volume":"16","author":"Tran","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.02.027","article-title":"Ovarian reserve testing: A user\u2019s guide","volume":"217","author":"Tal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Leung, P.C.K., and Adashi, E.Y. (2019). The role of AMH in assisted reproduction. The Ovary, Elsevier. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.07.1674","article-title":"Anti-Mullerian hormone and inhibin B variability during normal menstrual cycles","volume":"94","author":"Sowers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.04.054","article-title":"Statistically significant changes of antimullerian hormone and inhibin levels during the physiologic menstrual cycle in reproductive age women","volume":"89","author":"Wunder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2006.12.051","article-title":"Novel pathways that contribute to the anti-proliferative and chemopreventive activities of calcitriol in prostate cancer","volume":"103","author":"Krishnan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-1555","article-title":"Interaction of the vitamin D receptor with a vitamin D response element in the Mullerian-inhibiting substance (MIS) promoter: Regulation of MIS expression by calcitriol in prostate cancer cells","volume":"150","author":"Malloy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.111.094110","article-title":"Vitamin D regulates anti-Mullerian hormone expression in granulosa cells of the hen","volume":"86","author":"Wojtusik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.08.037","article-title":"Direct vitamin D3 actions on rhesus macaque follicles in three-dimensional culture: Assessment of follicle survival, growth, steroid, and antimullerian hormone production","volume":"106","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.03.029","article-title":"Circulating vitamin D correlates with serum antimullerian hormone levels in late-reproductive-aged women: Women\u2019s Interagency HIV Study","volume":"98","author":"Merhi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2526","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3873","article-title":"Association between sex steroids, ovarian reserve, and vitamin D levels in healthy nonobese women","volume":"99","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.08.030","article-title":"Impact of circulating levels of total and bioavailable serum vitamin D on pregnancy rate in egg donation recipients","volume":"102","author":"Fabris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2017.1397113","article-title":"Relationship between serum anti-Mullerian hormone with vitamin D and metabolic syndrome risk factors in late reproductive-age women","volume":"34","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001075","article-title":"25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and biomarkers of ovarian reserve","volume":"25","author":"Jukic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy129","article-title":"Vitamin D Status Is Not Associated with Risk of Early Menopause","volume":"148","author":"Whitcomb","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"4147","article-title":"Correlation of serum vitamin d levels with ovarian reserve markers in patients with primary ovarian insufficiency","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev167","article-title":"Serum anti-Mullerian hormone production is not correlated with seasonal fluctuations of vitamin D status in ovulatory or PCOS women","volume":"30","author":"Pearce","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13816","article-title":"Independent association of serum vitamin D with anti-Mullerian hormone levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"89","author":"Wong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1515\/jomb-2017-0068","article-title":"Anti-m\u00fcllerian hormone as a diagnostic marker in Egyptian Infertile polycystic ovary syndrome females: Correlations with vitamin D, total testosterone, dyslipidemia and anthropometric parameters","volume":"37","author":"Bakeer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-019-01472-3","article-title":"Anti-Mullerian hormone level is associated with vitamin D receptor polymorphisms in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Szafarowska","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod. Genet."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0871-6831","article-title":"Is There a Relationship Between Vitamin D Deficiency Status and PCOS in Infertile Women?","volume":"79","author":"Arslan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2016.04.018","article-title":"Vitamin D status and fertility outcomes during winter among couples undergoing in vitro fertilization\/intracytoplasmic sperm injection","volume":"135","author":"Neville","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J. Gynaecol. Obs."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"208","article-title":"The effect of serum vitamin D levels on ovarian reserve markers: A prospective cross-sectional study","volume":"32","author":"Drakopoulos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.4103\/jhrs.JHRS_105_16","article-title":"To Study the Vitamin D Levels in Infertile Females and Correlation of Vitamin D Deficiency with AMH Levels in Comparison to Fertile Females","volume":"10","author":"Lata","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hum. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.05.005","article-title":"Vitamin D levels are not associated with ovarian reserve in a group of infertile women with a high prevalance of diminished ovarian reserve","volume":"110","author":"Shapiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bednarska-Czerwinska, A., Olszak-Wasik, K., Olejek, A., Czerwinski, M., and Tukiendorf, A.A. (2019). Vitamin D and Anti-Mullerian Hormone Levels in Infertility Treatment: The Change-Point Problem. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11051053"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-019-0500-0","article-title":"Effect of vitamin D status on normal fertilization rate following in vitro fertilization","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000312","article-title":"Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and ovarian reserve in premenopausal women","volume":"22","author":"Jukic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1213","article-title":"The level of serum anti-Mullerian hormone correlates with vitamin D status in men and women but not in boys","volume":"97","author":"Dennis","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dennis, N.A., Houghton, L.A., Pankhurst, M.W., Harper, M.J., and McLennan, I.S. (2017). Acute Supplementation with High Dose Vitamin D3 Increases Serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone in Young Women. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9070719"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2017.1410785","article-title":"Evaluating the effects of administration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D supplement on serum anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) levels in infertile women","volume":"34","author":"Naderi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol. Off. J. Int. Soc. Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E886","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-4374","article-title":"Vitamin D increases serum levels of the soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products in women with PCOS","volume":"99","author":"Irani","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2016.02.001","article-title":"Low vitamin D3 and high anti-Mullerian hormone serum levels in the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): Is there a link?","volume":"77","author":"Cappy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annales D\u2019endocrinologie"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-018-0413-3","article-title":"The effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic profiles and gene expression of insulin and lipid metabolism in infertile polycystic ovary syndrome candidates for in vitro fertilization","volume":"16","author":"Dastorani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818912","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/818912","article-title":"Potential mechanisms for racial and ethnic differences in antimullerian hormone and ovarian reserve","volume":"2013","author":"Tal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2016.04.007","article-title":"The role of AMH in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovarian syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Garg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.02.026","article-title":"Characterization of women with elevated antimullerian hormone levels (AMH): Correlation of AMH with polycystic ovarian syndrome phenotypes and assisted reproductive technology outcomes","volume":"211","author":"Tal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Obs. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.05.098","article-title":"Metformin reduces serum mullerian-inhibiting substance levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome after protracted treatment","volume":"83","author":"Fleming","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh850","article-title":"Serum anti-Mullerian hormone levels remain high until late reproductive age and decrease during metformin therapy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Piltonen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1286307","article-title":"Anti-Mullerian hormone in women with polycystic ovary syndrome before and after therapy with metformin","volume":"43","author":"Tomova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)60379-3","article-title":"Clinical significance of serum concentration of anti-Mullerian hormone in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Rizk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2760","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep271","article-title":"The value of measuring anti-Mullerian hormone in women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing laparoscopic ovarian diathermy","volume":"24","author":"Amer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590701485212","article-title":"Ovarian reserve in women with polycystic ovary syndrome who underwent laparoscopic ovarian drilling","volume":"23","author":"Weerakiet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lagowska, K., Bajerska, J., and Jamka, M. (2018). The Role of Vitamin D Oral Supplementation in Insulin Resistance in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111637"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12209","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the effect of the maternal vitamin D level on the risk of spontaneous pregnancy loss","volume":"138","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynaecol. Obs."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex326","article-title":"Vitamin D and assisted reproductive treatment outcome: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Chu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pilz, S., Zittermann, A., Obeid, R., Hahn, A., Pludowski, P., Trummer, C., Lerchbaum, E., Perez-Lopez, F.R., Karras, S.N., and Marz, W. (2018). The Role of Vitamin D in Fertility and during Pregnancy and Lactation: A Review of Clinical Data. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15102241"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/12\/6\/1567\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:33:17Z","timestamp":1760175197000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/12\/6\/1567"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["nu12061567"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12061567","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]}}}