{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T22:32:01Z","timestamp":1789079521581,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,7]],"date-time":"2020-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST-104-2410-H-029-033-MY2, MOST-106-2410-H-029 -047 -MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST-104-2410-H-029-033-MY2, MOST-106-2410-H-029 -047 -MY2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST-104-2410-H-029-033-MY2, MOST-106-2410-H-029 -047 -MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST-104-2410-H-029-033-MY2, MOST-106-2410-H-029 -047 -MY2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012544","name":"China Medical University, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMU103-ASIA-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMU103-ASIA-18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012544","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mitochondrial dysfunction and disturbed mitochondrial dynamics were found to be common phenomena in the pathogenesis of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD). Vasicinone is a quinazoline alkaloid from Adhatoda vasica. Here, we investigated the autophagy\/mitophagy-enhancing effect of vasicinone and explored its neuroprotective mechanism in paraquat-mimic PD modal in SH-SY5Y cells. Vasicinone rescued the paraquat-induced loss of cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential. Subsequently, the accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) was balanced by an increase in the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, vasicinone restored paraquat-impaired autophagy and mitophagy regulators DJ-1, PINK-1 and Parkin in SH-SY5Y cells. The vasicinone mediated autophagy pathways were abrogated by treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA, which lead to increases \u03b1-synuclein accumulation and decreased the expression of p-ULK and ATG proteins and the autophagy marker LC3-II compared to that observed without 3-MA treatment. These results demonstrated that vasicinone exerted neuroprotective effects by upregulating autophagy and PINK-1\/Parkin mediated mitophagy in SH-SY5Y cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]],"date-time":"2020-06-09T04:19:39Z","timestamp":1591676379000},"page":"1707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Induction of Autophagy by Vasicinone Protects Neural Cells from Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Attenuates Paraquat-Mediated Parkinson\u2019s Disease Associated \u03b1-Synuclein Levels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2347-0411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih-Yang","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"Holistic Education Center, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan"},{"name":"Cardiovascular and Mitochondria Related Diseases Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalaiselvi","family":"Sivalingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marthandam Asokan","family":"Shibu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular and Mitochondria Related Diseases Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Hsiang","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsung-Jung","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2097-2240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei-Wen","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ray-Jade","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia-Hsuan","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, MeiHo University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijaya Padma","family":"Viswanadha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Tamilnadu 641046, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da-Tong","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2813","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-9873-7","article-title":"Carnosic Acid Attenuates 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells by Inducing Autophagy Through an Enhanced Interaction of Parkin and Beclin1","volume":"54","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. 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