{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T12:32:38Z","timestamp":1765888358480,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: It is unknown whether protein supplementation can enhance recovery of exercise-induced muscle damage in older adults who have a disturbed muscle protein synthetic response. We assessed whether protein supplementation could attenuate exercise-induced muscle damage and soreness after prolonged moderate-intensity walking exercise in older adults. Methods: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study, 104 subjects (81% male, \u226565 years) used either a protein (n = 50) or placebo supplement (n = 54) during breakfast and directly after exercise. Within a walking event, study subjects walked 30\/40\/50 km per day on three consecutive days. Muscle soreness and fatigue were determined with a numeric rating scale, and creatine kinase (CK) concentrations and serum inflammation markers were obtained. Results: Habitual protein intake was comparable between the protein (0.92 \u00b1 0.27 g\/kg\/d) and placebo group (0.97 \u00b1 0.23 g\/kg\/d, p = 0.31). At baseline, comparable CK concentrations were found between the protein and the placebo group (110 (IQR: 84\u2013160 U\/L) and 115 (IQR: 91\u2013186 U\/L), respectively, p = 0.84). Prolonged walking (protein: 32 \u00b1 9 km\/d, placebo: 33 \u00b1 6 km\/d) resulted in a cumulative increase of CK in both the protein (\u2206283 (IQR: 182\u2013662 U\/L)) and placebo group (\u2206456 (IQR: 209\u2013885 U\/L)) after three days. CK elevations were not significantly different between groups (p = 0.43). Similarly, no differences in inflammation markers, muscle soreness and fatigue were found between groups. Conclusions: Protein supplementation does not attenuate exercise-induced muscle damage, muscle soreness or fatigue in older adults performing prolonged moderate-intensity walking exercise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T13:11:32Z","timestamp":1592399492000},"page":"1806","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Impact of Protein Supplementation on Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage, Soreness and Fatigue Following Prolonged Walking Exercise in Vital Older Adults: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2482-6395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominique S. M.","family":"ten Haaf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0055-5308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Coen C. W. G.","family":"Bongers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2422-8336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo G.","family":"Hulshof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0747-4471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thijs M. H.","family":"Eijsvogels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9504-5452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria T. E.","family":"Hopman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldm014","article-title":"Creatine kinase monitoring in sport medicine","volume":"81","author":"Brancaccio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. Med. Bull."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"E514","article-title":"Increased rates of muscle protein turnover and amino acid transport after resistance exercise in humans","volume":"268","author":"Biolo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. 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