{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T23:20:14Z","timestamp":1783552814953,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]],"date-time":"2020-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Disturbed sleep is common in adolescents. Ingested nutrients help regulate the internal clock and influence sleep quality. The purpose of this clinical trial is to assess the effect of protein tryptophan (Trp)\/large neutral amino acids (LNAAs) ratio on sleep and circadian rhythm. Ingested Trp is involved in the regulation of the sleep\/wake cycle and improvement of sleep quality. Since Trp transport through the blood\u2013brain barrier is competing with LNAAs, protein with higher Trp\/LNAAs were expected to increase sleep efficiency. This randomized double-blind controlled trial will enroll two samples of male adolescents predisposed to sleep disturbances: elite rugby players (n = 24) and youths with obesity (n = 24). They will take part randomly in three sessions each held over a week. They will undergo a washout period, when dietary intake will be calibrated (three days), followed by an intervention period (three days), when their diet will be supplemented with three proteins with different Trp\/LNAAs ratios. Physical, cognitive, dietary intake, appetite, and sleepiness evaluations will be made on the last day of each session. The primary outcome is sleep efficiency measured through in-home electroencephalogram recordings. Secondary outcomes include sleep staging, circadian phase, and sleep-, food intake-, metabolism-, and inflammation-related biochemical markers. A fuller understanding of the effect of protein Trp\/LNAAs ratio on sleep could help in developing nutritional strategies addressing sleep disturbances.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]],"date-time":"2020-06-24T08:54:50Z","timestamp":1592988890000},"page":"1885","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial on the Effect of Proteins with Different Tryptophan\/Large Neutral Amino Acid Ratios on Sleep in Adolescents: The PROTMORPHEUS Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3005-8716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oussama","family":"Saidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clermont Auvergne University, Laboratory of Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"},{"name":"Center for Research in Human Nutrition Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5180-9916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Rochette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"},{"name":"Clermont Auvergne University, INSERM, CIC 1405, CRECHE unit, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"},{"name":"Toulon University, Laboratory of the Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), 83000 Toulon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c9ric","family":"Dor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clermont Auvergne University, Laboratory of Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"},{"name":"Center for Research in Human Nutrition Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freddy","family":"Maso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rugby Training Center of the Sportive Association Montferrandaise, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Raoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OXSITIS LAB-NUTRITION, Chrono-Nutrition Food Supplements, 63110 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabien","family":"Andrieux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OXSITIS LAB-NUTRITION, Chrono-Nutrition Food Supplements, 63110 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Livia","family":"Fantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiology Unit, Neurology Department, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"},{"name":"NPsy-Sydo (EA 7280), Clermont Auvergne University, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"Merlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"},{"name":"Clermont Auvergne University, INSERM, CIC 1405, CRECHE unit, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"},{"name":"Clermont Auvergne University, INRA, UMR 1019 UNH, ECREIN, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3778-7161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Unit (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Walrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, INRAE, UNH, F-63000 Clermont\u2013Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascale","family":"Duch\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toulon University, Laboratory of the Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), 83000 Toulon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"637","article-title":"Sleep in adolescents: The perfect storm","volume":"58","author":"Carskadon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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