{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T15:31:07Z","timestamp":1777908667979,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]],"date-time":"2020-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL116263"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL116263"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atheroprotective functions of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are related to the activity of HDL-associated enzymes such as paraoxonase 1 (PON1). We examined the impact of inhibition of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-mediated HDL oxidation by PON1 on HDL malondialdehyde (MDA) content and HDL function. In the presence of PON1, crosslinking of apoAI in response to MPO-mediated oxidation of HDL was abolished, and MDA-HDL adduct levels were decreased. PON1 prevented the impaired cholesterol efflux capacity of MPO-oxidized HDL from Apoe\u2212\/\u2212 macrophages. Direct modification of HDL with MDA increased apoAI crosslinking and reduced the cholesterol efflux capacity. MDA modification of HDL reduced its anti-inflammatory function compared to native HDL. MDA-HDL also had impaired ability to increase PON1 activity. Importantly, HDL from subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH-HDL) versus controls had increased MDA-apoAI adducts, and PON1 activity was also impaired in FH. Consistently, FH-HDL induced a pro-inflammatory response in Apoe\u2212\/\u2212 macrophages and had an impaired ability to promote cholesterol efflux. Interestingly, reactive dicarbonyl scavengers, including 2-hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA) and pentyl-pyridoxamine (PPM), effectively abolished MPO-mediated apoAI crosslinking, MDA adduct formation, and improved cholesterol efflux capacity. Treatment of hypercholesterolemic mice with reactive dicarbonyl scavengers reduced MDA-HDL adduct formation and increased HDL cholesterol efflux capacity, supporting the therapeutic potential of reactive carbonyl scavenging for improving HDL function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12071937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]],"date-time":"2020-06-30T09:04:59Z","timestamp":1593507899000},"page":"1937","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Reactive Dicarbonyl Scavenging Effectively Reduces MPO-Mediated Oxidation of HDL and Restores PON1 Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jiansheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1385-3366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia G.","family":"Yancey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark S.","family":"Borja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry &amp; Biochemistry, California State University East Bay, Hayward, CA 94542, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Loren E.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8333-0205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Kon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean S.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MacRae F.","family":"Linton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"De Groot, L.J., Chrousos, G., Dungan, K., Feingold, K.R., Grossman, A., Hershman, J.M., Koch, C., Korbonits, M., Mclachlan, R., and New, M. 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