{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:00:59Z","timestamp":1791907259888,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI18\/01235"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/01235"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002924","name":"FEDER","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002924","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoporosis is a common chronic disease characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density, impaired bone strength, and an increased risk of fragility fractures. Fragility fractures are associated with significant morbidity, mortality and disability and are a major public health problem worldwide. The influence of nutritional factors on the development and progression of this disease can be significant and is not yet well established. Calcium intake and vitamin D status are considered to be essential for bone metabolism homeostasis. However, some recent studies have questioned the usefulness of calcium and vitamin D supplements in decreasing the risk of fractures. The adequate intake of protein, vegetables and other nutrients is also of interest, and recommendations have been established by expert consensus and clinical practice guidelines. It is important to understand the influence of nutrients not only in isolation but also in the context of a dietary pattern, which is a complex mixture of nutrients. In this review, we evaluate the available scientific evidence for the effects of the main dietary patterns on bone health. Although some dietary patterns seem to have beneficial effects, more studies are needed to fully elucidate the true influence of diet on bone fragility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12071986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T03:19:27Z","timestamp":1594005567000},"page":"1986","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":237,"title":["Nutrients and Dietary Patterns Related to Osteoporosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1867-1158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Araceli","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Garach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de las Nieves Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4134-5561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Garc\u00eda-Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria (Ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9645-3260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria (Ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Unidad de Gesti\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica Endocrinolog\u00eda y Nutrici\u00f3n, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1513724","article-title":"Clinical practice. 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