{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T20:28:00Z","timestamp":1792441680572,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]],"date-time":"2020-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["690494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["690494"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Unintentional weight loss has been observed among Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) patients. Changes in energy intake (EI) and eating behavior, potentially caused by fine motor dysfunction and eating-related symptoms, might contribute to this. The primary aim of this study was to investigate differences in objectively measured EI between groups of healthy controls (HC), early (ESPD) and advanced stage PD patients (ASPD) during a standardized lunch in a clinical setting. The secondary aim was to identify clinical features and eating behavior abnormalities that explain EI differences. All participants (n = 23 HC, n = 20 ESPD, and n = 21 ASPD) went through clinical evaluations and were eating a standardized meal (200 g sausages, 400 g potato salad, 200 g apple pur\u00e9e and 500 mL water) in front of two video cameras. Participants ate freely, and the food was weighed pre- and post-meal to calculate EI (kcal). Multiple linear regression was used to explain group differences in EI. ASPD had a significantly lower EI vs. HC (\u2212162 kcal, p &lt; 0.05) and vs. ESPD (\u2212203 kcal, p &lt; 0.01) when controlling for sex. The number of spoonfuls, eating problems, dysphagia and upper extremity tremor could explain most (86%) of the lower EI vs. HC, while the first three could explain ~50% vs. ESPD. Food component intake analysis revealed significantly lower potato salad and sausage intakes among ASPD vs. both HC and ESPD, while water intake was lower vs. HC. EI is an important clinical target for PD patients with an increased risk of weight loss. Our results suggest that interventions targeting upper extremity tremor, spoonfuls, dysphagia and eating problems might be clinically useful in the prevention of unintentional weight loss in PD. Since EI was lower in ASPD, EI might be a useful marker of disease progression in PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12072109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]],"date-time":"2020-07-16T10:54:46Z","timestamp":1594896886000},"page":"2109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Lower Energy Intake among Advanced vs. Early Parkinson\u2019s Disease Patients and Healthy Controls in a Clinical Lunch Setting: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1443-3128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petter","family":"Fagerberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Klingelhoefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Technical University Dresden, 01099 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Bottai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2806-6186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Billy","family":"Langlet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0905-7786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Kyritsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Rotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Technical University Dresden, 01099 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinz","family":"Reichmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Technical University Dresden, 01099 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2387-526X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Falkenburger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Technical University Dresden, 01099 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8220-8486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasios","family":"Delopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Ioakimidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.131045","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease: Clinical features and diagnosis","volume":"79","author":"Jankovic","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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