{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T10:51:11Z","timestamp":1762253471491,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ANR CARNOT ICSA (Carnot Institute Livestock Industry for the Future)","award":["grant 590004-11-A33"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant 590004-11-A33"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The early life period is crucial for the maturation of the intestinal barrier, its immune system, and a life-long beneficial host\u2013microbiota interaction. The study aims to assess the impact of a beneficial dietary (short-chain fructooligosaccharides, scFOS) supplementation vs. a detrimental dietary environment (such as mycotoxin deoxynivalenol, DON) on offspring intestinal immune system developmental profiles. Sows were given scFOS-supplemented or DON-contaminated diets during the last 4 weeks of gestation, whereas force-feeding piglets with DON was performed during the first week of offspring life. Intestinal antigen-presenting cell (APC) subset frequency was analyzed by flow cytometry in the Peyer\u2019s patches and in lamina propria and the responsiveness of intestinal explants to toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands was performed using ELISA and qRT-PCR from post-natal day (PND) 10 until PND90. Perinatal exposure with scFOS did not affect the ontogenesis of APC. While it early induced inflammatory responses in piglets, scFOS further promoted the T regulatory response after TLR activation. Sow and piglet DON contamination decreased CD16+ MHCII+ APC at PND10 in lamina propria associated with IFN\u03b3 inflammation and impairment of Treg response. Our study demonstrated that maternal prebiotic supplementation and mycotoxin contamination can modulate the mucosal immune system responsiveness of offspring through different pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12072115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T10:22:02Z","timestamp":1594981322000},"page":"2115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Maternal Supplementation of Food Ingredient (Prebiotic) or Food Contaminant (Mycotoxin) Influences Mucosal Immune System in Piglets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1439-9206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Ferret-Bernard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, INSERM, University of Rennes, NuMeCan, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, F-35000 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Le Normand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, INSERM, University of Rennes, NuMeCan, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, F-35000 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Rom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, INSERM, University of Rennes, NuMeCan, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, F-35000 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8478-7020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cindy","family":"Le Bourgot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, INSERM, University of Rennes, NuMeCan, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, F-35000 Rennes, France"},{"name":"Tereos, R&amp;D Department, F-77230 Moussy-le-Vieux, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Seeboth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR TOXALIM, University of Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, F-31027 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00e9rard","family":"Savary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, INSERM, University of Rennes, NuMeCan, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, F-35000 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Laurent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR ISP, INRAE, University of Fran\u00e7ois Rabelais de Tours, F-37380 Nouzilly, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1769-5246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabelle","family":"Le Hu\u00ebrou-Luron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, INSERM, University of Rennes, NuMeCan, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, F-35000 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Guzylack-Piriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IALTA, IHAP, University of Toulouse, ENVT, INRAE, F-31076 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2008.07.003","article-title":"The Mucosal Immune System: Recent Developments and Future Directions in the Pig","volume":"33","author":"Bailey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev. 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