{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T10:45:24Z","timestamp":1777286724199,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]],"date-time":"2020-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17H03820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17H03820"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012014","name":"Kieikai Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018S027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018S027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012014","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated the effects of \u03b2-cryptoxanthin on skeletal muscle atrophy in senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 1 (SAMP1) mice. For 15 weeks, SAMP1 mice were intragastrically administered vehicle or \u03b2-cryptoxanthin. At 35 weeks of age, the skeletal muscle mass in SAMP1 mice was reduced compared with that in control senescence-accelerated mouse-resistant 1 (SAMR1) mice. \u03b2-cryptoxanthin increased muscle mass with an increase in the size of muscle fibers in the soleus muscle of SAMP1 mice. The expressions of autophagy-related factors such as beclin-1, p62, LC3-I, and LC3-II were increased in the soleus muscle of SAMP1 mice; however, \u03b2-cryptoxanthin administration inhibited this increase. Unlike in SAMR1 mice, p62 was punctately distributed throughout the cytosol in the soleus muscle fibers of SAMP1 mice; however, \u03b2-cryptoxanthin inhibited this punctate distribution. The cross-sectional area of p62-positive fiber was smaller than that of p62-negative fiber, and the ratio of p62-positive fibers to p62-negative fibers was increased in SAMP1 mice. \u03b2-cryptoxanthin decreased this ratio in SAMP1 mice. Furthermore, \u03b2-cryptoxanthin decreased the autophagy-related factor expression in murine C2C12 myotube. The autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1, but not the proteasome inhibitor MG132, inhibited the \u03b2-cryptoxanthin-induced decrease in p62 and LC3-II expressions. These results indicate that \u03b2-cryptoxanthin inhibits the p62 accumulation in fibers and improves muscle atrophy in the soleus muscle of SAMP1 mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T10:14:06Z","timestamp":1595499246000},"page":"2180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["\u03b2-Cryptoxanthin Improves p62 Accumulation and Muscle Atrophy in the Soleus Muscle of Senescence-Accelerated Mouse-Prone 1 Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mari","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoya","family":"Kitakaze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuyuki","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1350-7404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katsuyuki","family":"Mukai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Daicel Corporation, Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0075, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4729-3317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryoichi","family":"Yamaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.89.1.81","article-title":"Skeletal muscle mass and distribution in 468 men and women aged 18\u201388 yr","volume":"89","author":"Janssen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00032","article-title":"A metabolic link to skeletal muscle wasting and regeneration","volume":"5","author":"Koopman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01011.2018","article-title":"Role of mTORC1 in mechanically induced increases in translation and skeletal muscle mass","volume":"127","author":"Goodman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065874","article-title":"Identification of ubiquitin ligases required for skeletal muscle atrophy","volume":"294","author":"Bodine","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.07.061","article-title":"Autophagy impairment in muscle induces neuromuscular junction degeneration and precocious aging","volume":"8","author":"Carnio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.7.3.14487","article-title":"Selective autophagy mediated by autophagic adapter proteins","volume":"7","author":"Johansen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-052709-094552","article-title":"Biogenesis and cargo selectivity of autophagosomes","volume":"80","author":"Weidberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.10.035","article-title":"Homeostatic levels of p62 control cytoplasmic inclusion body formation in autophagy-deficient mice","volume":"131","author":"Komatsu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12045","article-title":"p62\/SQSTM1 but not LC3 is accumulated in sarcopenic muscle of mice","volume":"7","author":"Sakuma","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.012","article-title":"High mTORC1 signaling is maintained, while protein degradation pathways are perturbed in old murine skeletal muscles in the fasted state","volume":"78","author":"White","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101181","article-title":"Changes in macroautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy, and mitochondrial metabolism in murine skeletal and cardiac muscle during aging","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1801102","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201801102","article-title":"Oligonol Alleviates Sarcopenia by Regulation of Signaling Pathways Involved in Protein Turnover and Mitochondrial Quality","volume":"63","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4943(94)90039-6","article-title":"A novel murine model of aging, senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM)","volume":"19","author":"Takeda","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/59.10.B1015","article-title":"The effects of aging and treadmill running on soleus and gastrocnemius muscle morphology in the senescence-accelerated mouse (SAMP1)","volume":"59","author":"Sakakima","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R281","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00880.2007","article-title":"Tea catechin ingestion combined with habitual exercise suppresses the aging-associated decline physical performance in senescence-accelerated mice","volume":"295","author":"Murase","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-008-9177-z","article-title":"Suppression of the aging-associated decline in physical performance by a combination of resveratrol intake and habitual exercise in senescence-accelerated mice","volume":"10","author":"Murase","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2000248","article-title":"Serum concentrations of carotenoids and vitamins A, E, and C in control subjects from five European countries","volume":"85","author":"Olmedilla","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/63.4.376","article-title":"Low plasma carotenoids and skeletal muscle strength decline over 6 years","volume":"63","author":"Lauretani","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03327377","article-title":"Carotenoid and vitamin E status are associated with indicators of sarcopenia among older women living in the community","volume":"15","author":"Semba","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-009-0053-6","article-title":"Low serum carotenoids are associated with a decline in walking speed in older women","volume":"13","author":"Alipanah","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.61.481","article-title":"\u03b2-Carotene Increases Muscle Mass and Hypertrophy in the Soleus Muscle in Mice","volume":"61","author":"Kitakaze","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2019.118563","article-title":"Extracellular transglutaminase 2 induces myotube hypertrophy through G protein-coupled receptor 56","volume":"1867","author":"Kitakaze","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kobori, M., Ni, Y., Takahashi, Y., Watanabe, N., Sugiura, M., Ogawa, K., Nagashimada, M., Kaneko, S., Naito, S., and Ota, T. (2014). \u03b2-Cryptoxanthin alleviates diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by suppressing inflammatory gene expression in mice. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098294"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42323","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42323","article-title":"Modified forelimb grip strength test detects aging-associated physiological decline in skeletal muscle function in male mice","volume":"7","author":"Takeshita","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.891","article-title":"5-Hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone derivatives from Kaempferia parviflora induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy","volume":"7","author":"Ono","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4889(02)00397-X","article-title":"Hypoxia up-regulates glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in mouse brain capillary endothelial cells: Involvement of Na+\/Ca2+ exchanger","volume":"1593","author":"Yamaji","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2009.10.008","article-title":"Autophagy is required to maintain muscle mass","volume":"10","author":"Masiero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2017.03.009","article-title":"Skeletal muscle autophagy and ist role in sarcopenia and organismal aging","volume":"34","author":"Jiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512003297","article-title":"The preventive effect of \u03b2-carotene on denervation-induced soleus muscle atrophy in mice","volume":"109","author":"Ogawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sztretye, M., Singl\u00e1r, Z., Szab\u00f3, L., Angyal, \u00c1., Balogh, N., Vakilzadeh, F., Szentesi, P., Dienes, B., and Csernoch, L. (2020). Improved tetanic force and mitochondrial calcium homeostasis by astaxanthin treatment in mouse skeletal muscle. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9020098"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shibaguchi, T., Yamaguchi, Y., Miyaji, N., Yoshihara, T., Naito, H., Goto, K., Ohmori, D., Yoshioka, T., and Sugiura, T. (2016). Astaxanthin intake attenuates muscle atrophy caused by immobilization in rats. Physiol. Rep., 4.","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12885"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-016-9663-7","article-title":"L-Lysine suppresses myofibrillar protein degradation and autophagy in skeletal muscles of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8","volume":"18","author":"Sato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-015-9598-4","article-title":"Muscle-specificity of age-related changes in markers of autophagy and sphingolipid metabolism","volume":"16","author":"Russ","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e418","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2012.159","article-title":"Autophagy as a new therapeutic target in Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"3","author":"Morisi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1247\/csf.23.33","article-title":"Bafilomycin A1 prevents maturation of autophagic vacuoles by inhibiting fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes in rat hepatoma cell line, H-4-II-E cells","volume":"23","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell Struct. Funct."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-013-9432-9","article-title":"Signaling pathways regulating muscle mass in ageing skeletal muscle: The role of the IGF1-Akt-mTOR-FoxO pathway","volume":"14","author":"Sandri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026615666150610125715","article-title":"Longevity Pathways (mTOR, SIRT, Insulin\/IGF-1) as Key Modulatory Targets on Aging and Neurodegeneration","volume":"15","author":"Mazucanti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2009.01972.x","article-title":"LKB1 and AMP-activated protein kinase control of mTOR signalling and growth","volume":"196","author":"Shaw","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08729-6","article-title":"Suppression of autophagic activity by Rubicon is a signature of aging","volume":"10","author":"Nakamura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/12\/8\/2180\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:50:56Z","timestamp":1760176256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/12\/8\/2180"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["nu12082180"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12082180","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]]}}}