{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T07:08:34Z","timestamp":1787987314410,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APPID 1149976"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APPID 1149976"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Periodontal disease is the leading cause of tooth loss worldwide. Current periodontal treatment is limited by its dependency on patients learning and maintaining good dental habits, and repeated visits to oral health physicians. Vitamin C\u2019s role in collagen synthesis and immune function makes it important in wound healing and possibly periodontal healing. Therefore, if some patients are deficient, this may worsen patient outcomes. Methods: Patients were invited to participate following assessment and treatment at the Westmead Centre of Oral Health Periodontic Clinic, regardless of current disease stage or treatment. Adults were eligible if they gave informed consent and had current periodontal disease. Study involvement consisted of periodontal assessment and care followed by an interview and measurement of serum vitamin C and C-reactive protein (CRP). Results: A total of 6 out of 20 patients had vitamin C levels less than the institutional normal range, of whom 2 had levels &lt;11.4 \u03bcmol\/L and one &lt;28 \u03bcmol\/L. Low vitamin C was associated with higher periodontal disease stage (p = 0.03). Elevated CRP was found in 2\/3 of people with low vitamin C and CRP was negatively correlated with vitamin C (p &lt; 0.01). Vitamin C did not correlate with patient-reported fruit or vegetable consumption, but high processed meat intake was associated with lower vitamin C. Conclusion: Although a small study, this rate of vitamin C deficiency in the periodontal clinic is clinically important and correlations with disease severity and CRP suggests biological importance. This warrants further studies to assess vitamin C and whether supplementation improves periodontal outcomes, particularly in deficient subjects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T10:16:49Z","timestamp":1595931409000},"page":"2255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["A Pilot Study Examining Vitamin C Levels in Periodontal Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Molly-Rose","family":"Munday","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Westmead Hospital, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology Research (CDOER), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7130-8745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohan","family":"Rodricks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Restorative Sciences (Periodontics), Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Fitzpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5310-7221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria M.","family":"Flood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia"},{"name":"Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8127-9773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenny E.","family":"Gunton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westmead Hospital, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology Research (CDOER), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia"},{"name":"Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s10709-010-9537-x","article-title":"Inactivation dates of the human and guinea pig vitamin C genes","volume":"139","author":"Lachapelle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genetica"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2019.02.225","article-title":"The \u201cOld Sailors\u201c Illness makes a return","volume":"128","author":"Sukumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oral Surg. 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