{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:49:22Z","timestamp":1761709762677,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]],"date-time":"2020-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019R1A2C2088201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1A2C2088201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is estimated to be 25% and has continued to increase; however, no drugs have yet been approved for NAFLD treatments. The ethyl acetate fraction of Amomum xanthioides (EFAX) was previously reported to have an anti-hepatic fibrosis effect, but its effects on steatosis or steatohepatitis remain unclear. This study investigated the anti-fatty liver of EFAX using a high-fat diet mouse model. High-fat diet intake for 8 weeks induced hepatic steatosis with mild inflammation and oxidative damage and increased the adipose tissue weight along with the development of dyslipidemia. EFAX treatment significantly ameliorated the steatohepatic changes, the increased weight of adipose tissues, and the altered serum lipid profiles. These observed effects were possibly due to the lipolysis-dominant activity of EFAX on multiple hepatic proteins including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (mSREBP)-1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-\u03b1, AMP-activated protein kinase, and diglyceride acyltransferases (DGATs). Taken together, these results show that EFAX might be a potential therapeutic agent for regulating a wide spectrum of NAFLDs from steatosis to fibrosis via multiple actions on lipid metabolism-related proteins. Further studies investigating clear mechanisms and their active compounds are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]],"date-time":"2020-08-13T09:23:44Z","timestamp":1597310624000},"page":"2433","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Amomum xanthioides Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a High-Fat Diet Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hwi-Jin","family":"Im","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil 75, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35353, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1037-9133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung-Ju","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil 75, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35353, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin-Seok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil 75, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35353, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung-Bae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil 75, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35353, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji-Yun","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil 75, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35353, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang-Gue","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil 75, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35353, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","article-title":"Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease\u2014Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28785","article-title":"The economic and clinical burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States and Europe","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26717","article-title":"Extrahepatic complications of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"59","author":"Armstrong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2010.518623","article-title":"Meta-analysis: Natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests for liver disease severity","volume":"43","author":"Musso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. 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