{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T15:02:26Z","timestamp":1782226946967,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015-3-261661"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-3-261661"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007686","name":"Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3300-11402-01-575-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3300-11402-01-575-17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007686","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Controversy remains surrounding vitamin D routine supplementation in healthy pregnancy, and the doses are unclear. The aim of this study was to describe maternal vitamin D status throughout pregnancy in a group of Mexican women and evaluate the effect of frequently prescribed doses of vitamin D3 on longitudinal 25-OH-D concentrations, adjusting for obesity, season, and other factors. We conducted a cohort study (Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda-INPer) (2017\u20132020)) of healthy pregnant women without complications. Pregestational overweight\/obesity (body mass index \u2265 25), vitamin D3 supplementation (prescribed by physician; 0\u2013250, 250\u2013400, and &gt;400 IU\/day), and serum 25-OH-D concentrations (ELISA) were evaluated in each trimester of pregnancy. Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency was computed (&lt;20 and &lt;30 ng\/mL, respectively). We studied 141 adult women; 58.5% had pregestational obesity or overweight. In the first trimester, 45.8% of the women were supplemented with vitamin D3; 51.4% had vitamin D insufficiency and 37.3%, deficiency. In the third trimester, 75.4% of the women were supplemented, and 20% of them still had deficiency. The final general mixed linear model showed that 25-OH-D significantly increased throughout pregnancy (p &lt; 0.001); the highest increase was observed in the third trimester in women with doses &gt;400 IU\/day of vitamin D3 (+4 ng\/mL, 95% CI: 1.72\u20138.11 ng\/mL). In winter\/autumn, 25-OH-D concentrations were also lower (p \u2264 0.05). In this group of pregnant Mexican women, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was high. A higher increase in 25-OH-D concentrations during pregnancy was observed when the women were supplemented with &gt;400 IU\/day. Common supplementation doses of 250\u2013400 IU\/day were insufficient for achieving an adequate maternal vitamin D status.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T09:35:31Z","timestamp":1597916131000},"page":"2517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Vitamin D Deficiency in Mexican Pregnant Women: Is Supplementation with \u2264400 IU\/day Enough?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1492-5293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Otilia","family":"Perichart-Perera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Nutrici\u00f3n y Bioprogramaci\u00f3n, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla Patricia","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Leyva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Nutrici\u00f3n y Bioprogramaci\u00f3n, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1631-0244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Ludlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Nutrici\u00f3n y Bioprogramaci\u00f3n, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maricruz","family":"Tolentino-Dolores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Nutrici\u00f3n y Bioprogramaci\u00f3n, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4529-8296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Solis-Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica y Gen\u00f3mica Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5304-7476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Reyes-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordinaci\u00f3n de Endocrinolog\u00eda Ginecol\u00f3gica y Perinatal, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hector","family":"Borboa-Olivares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Subdirecci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n en Intervenciones Comunitarias, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maribel","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunobioqu\u00edmica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Parra-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunobioqu\u00edmica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1417-9243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Monterrubio-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Nutrici\u00f3n y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud P\u00fablica, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lourdes","family":"Schnaas y Arrieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Neurobiolog\u00eda del Desarrollo, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Guzm\u00e1n-Huerta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Traslacional, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9551-9021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guadalupe","family":"Estrada-Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(15)30023-0","article-title":"The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) recommendations on adolescent, preconception, and maternal nutrition: \u201cThink Nutrition First\u201d","volume":"131","author":"Hanson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. 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Disord."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/12\/9\/2517\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:03:44Z","timestamp":1760177024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/12\/9\/2517"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["nu12092517"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12092517","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]]}}}