{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:00:28Z","timestamp":1792800028334,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]],"date-time":"2020-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000829","name":"Department for Education, UK Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PhD Stipend"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PhD Stipend"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000829","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is characterised by chronic widespread pain alongside fatigue, poor sleep quality and numerous comorbidities. It is estimated to have a worldwide prevalence of 1.78%, with a predominance in females. Treatment interventions for fibromyalgia have limited success, leading to many patients seeking alternative forms of treatment, including modifications to their diet and lifestyle. The effectiveness of dietary changes in fibromyalgia has not been widely researched or evaluated. This systematic review identified twenty-two studies, including 18 randomised control trials (RCTs) and four cohort studies which were eligible for inclusion. In total these studies investigated 17 different nutritional interventions. Significant improvements in reported pain were observed for those following a vegan diet, as well as with the low fermentable oligo di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diets. Supplementation with Chlorella green algae, coenzyme Q10, acetyl-l-carnitine or a combination of vitamin C and E significantly improved measures of pain. Interpretation of these studies was limited due to the frequent poor quality of the study design, the wide heterogeneity between studies, the small sample size and a high degree of bias. Therefore, there is insufficient evidence to recommend any one particular nutritional intervention for the management of fibromyalgia and further research is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]],"date-time":"2020-08-31T21:41:23Z","timestamp":1598910083000},"page":"2664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Dietary Interventions in the Management of Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review and Best-Evidence Synthesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ethan","family":"Lowry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Shore Road, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Marley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Shore Road, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0789-1419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph G.","family":"McVeigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Therapies, University College Cork, Douglas Street, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1861-3991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emeir","family":"McSorley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Allsopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4686-3058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Shore Road, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bellato, E., Marini, E., Castoldi, F., Barbasetti, N., Mattei, L., Bonasia, D.E., and Blonna, D. 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