{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T19:51:47Z","timestamp":1789761107751,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]],"date-time":"2020-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Warsaw and  Polish National Science Center","award":["2013\/09\/B\/NZ2\/00275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/09\/B\/NZ2\/00275"]}]},{"name":"Polish National Centre for Research and Development","award":["NR13014410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NR13014410"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The rate of post-transplant mothers who breastfeed while on immunosuppression is progressively increasing. Data on breastfeeding while on cyclosporine-based regimens are limited. Therefore, we assessed the amount of cyclosporine and its metabolites that might be ingested by a breastfed infant by measuring the concentration of cyclosporine and its metabolites in the colostrum of seven post-transplant mothers. The mean concentration of cyclosporine in the colostrum was 22.40 \u00b1 9.43 mcg\/L, and the estimated mean daily dose of the drug was 1049.22 \u00b1 397.41 ng\/kg\/24 h. Only three metabolites (AM1, DHCsA, and THCsA) had mean colostrum amounts comparable to or higher than cyclosporine itself, with the daily doses being 468.51 \u00b1 80.37, 2757.79 \u00b1 1926.11, and 1044.76 \u00b1 948.56 ng\/kg\/24 h, respectively. Our results indicate a low transfer of cyclosporine and its metabolites into the colostrum in the first two days postpartum and confirm the emerging change to the policy on breastfeeding among post-transplant mothers. A full assessment of the safety of immunosuppressant exposure via breastmilk will require further studies with long-term follow-ups of breastfed children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]],"date-time":"2020-09-04T12:20:06Z","timestamp":1599222006000},"page":"2713","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Low Content of Cyclosporine A and Its Metabolites in the Colostrum of Post-Transplant Mothers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Bo\u017cena","family":"Kociszewska-Najman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Mazanowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-015 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Borek-Dzi\u0119cio\u0142","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leszek","family":"P\u0105czek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Transplant Medicine and Internal Diseases, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-014 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Samborowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Szpota\u0144ska-Sikorska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-015 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bronis\u0142awa","family":"Pietrzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-015 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Dadlez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Biology Department, Warsaw University, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miros\u0142aw","family":"Wielgo\u015b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-015 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e827","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3552","article-title":"Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk","volume":"129","author":"Breastfeeding","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatry"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-019-0552-4","article-title":"Effects of oropharyngeal administration of colostrum on the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, late-onset sepsis, and death in preterm infants: A meta-analysis of RCTs","volume":"74","author":"Tao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. 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