{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:23:40Z","timestamp":1788542620427,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Currently, there are inconsistencies in the recommendations of when to obtain an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in children with feeding difficulties. The aim of our study was to identify EGD findings in patients presenting to a large, outpatient feeding program. Additionally, we investigated the presence of any relationship between abnormal pathology seen on biopsies (inflammation) and symptoms of feeding intolerance such as vomiting, gagging, retching, or abdominal pain. Retrospective analysis of electronic medical records (EMRs) was conducted for all new patients aged 0\u201317 years presenting to the Multidisciplinary Feeding Clinic. Three hundred and thirty patients (50.2%) had an EGD with complete biopsies. Of these 330 patients, biopsies revealed esophagitis in 40%, gastritis in 33.6%, and duodenitis in 15.2%. Overall, 61.21% had an abnormal pathology in at least one site. We found that children with feeding disorders commonly have esophagitis, gastritis, and\/or duodenitis and that symptoms are poor predictors of pathology. This study underscores the importance of gastrointestinal evaluation as part of a multidisciplinary evaluation in patients with feeding difficulties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T10:24:09Z","timestamp":1600165449000},"page":"2822","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Esophageal, Gastric, and Duodenal Histologic Findings in Patients with Feeding Difficulties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jensen","family":"Edwards","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Friesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Issa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5504-4738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rivera-Nieves, D., Conley, A., Nagib, K., Shannon, K., Horvath, K., and Mehta, D. (2019). Gastrointestinal Conditions in Children With Severe Feeding Difficulties. Glob. Pediatr. Health, 6.","DOI":"10.1177\/2333794X19838536"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002188","article-title":"Pediatric Feeding Disorder: Consensus Definition and Conceptual Framework","volume":"68","author":"Goday","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2017.08.021","article-title":"Feeding Problems in Infants and Children: Assessment and Etiology","volume":"65","author":"Borowitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reedy, R.A., Filipp, S.L., Gurka, M.J., Shenoy, A., and Davis, M.K. (2019). Utility of Esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the Evaluation of Uncomplicated Abdominal Pain in Children. Glob. Pediatr. Health, 6.","DOI":"10.1177\/2333794X19898345"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"75","article-title":"The complexity of feeding problems in 700 infants and young children presenting to a tertiary care institution","volume":"37","author":"Rommel","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"217","article-title":"Children with diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract are more likely to develop feeding problems","volume":"32","author":"Sdravou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e672","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2227","article-title":"Feeding Dysfunction in Children With Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases","volume":"126","author":"Mukkada","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Antunes, C., and Sharma, A. (2020, July 29). Esophagitis, Available online: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28723041."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9180-7","article-title":"Participation of capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves in the gastric mucosa of patients with Helicobacter pylori-positive or-negative chronic gastritis","volume":"52","author":"Kereskay","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8349","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i37.8349","article-title":"Childhood chronic gastritis and duodenitis: Role of altered sensory neuromediators","volume":"22","author":"Islek","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm16094","article-title":"The gastric and duodenal eosinophilia in functional dyspepsia","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurogastroenterol. Motil."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/12\/9\/2822\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:10:13Z","timestamp":1760177413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/12\/9\/2822"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["nu12092822"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12092822","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]]}}}