{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T19:16:33Z","timestamp":1791832593137,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":216,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]],"date-time":"2020-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000615","name":"Fight for Sight UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["515905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["515905"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000615","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018-02124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-02124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration are leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide with significant health and societal burdens. To date, no clinical cures are available and treatments target only the manageable symptoms and risk factors (but do not remediate the underlying pathology of the disease). Both diseases are neurodegenerative in their pathology of the retina and as such many of the events that trigger cell dysfunction, degeneration, and eventual loss are due to mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Here, we critically review how a decreased bioavailability of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD; a crucial metabolite in healthy and disease states) may underpin many of these aberrant mechanisms. We propose how exogenous sources of NAD may become a therapeutic standard for the treatment of these conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,20]],"date-time":"2020-09-20T21:20:28Z","timestamp":1600636828000},"page":"2871","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Potential Therapeutic Benefit of NAD+ Supplementation for Glaucoma and Age-Related Macular Degeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7461-8979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gloria","family":"Cimaglia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 112 82 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcela","family":"Votruba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK"},{"name":"Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, Wales, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4YS, Wales, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2926-2376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helder","family":"Andr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 112 82 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6194-8397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pete A.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 112 82 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013","article-title":"Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"121","author":"Tham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1","article-title":"Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. 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