{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T11:16:27Z","timestamp":1776338187701,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]],"date-time":"2020-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zespri International limited","award":["HN1788"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HN1788"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Consumption of vitamin C-rich fruits and vegetables has been associated with greater feelings of vitality. However, these associations have rarely been tested in experimental trials. The aim of the current study was to test the effects of eating a vitamin C-rich food (kiwifruit) on subjective vitality and whether effects are driven by vitamin C. Young adults (n = 167, 61.1% female, aged 18\u201335 years) with plasma vitamin C &lt; 40 \u00b5mol\/L were allocated to three intervention conditions: kiwifruit (2 SunGold\u2122 kiwifruit\/day), vitamin C (250 mg tablet\/day), placebo (1 tablet\/day). The trial consisted of a two-week lead-in, four-week intervention, and two-week washout. Plasma vitamin C and vitality questionnaires (total mood disturbance, fatigue, and well-being) were measured fortnightly. Self-reported sleep quality and physical activity were measured every second day through smartphone surveys. Nutritional confounds were assessed using a three-day food diary during each study phase. Plasma vitamin C reached saturation levels within two weeks for the kiwifruit and vitamin C groups. Participants consuming kiwifruit showed a trend of improvement in mood disturbance, significantly decreased fatigue, and significantly improved well-being after two weeks of the intervention. Improvements in well-being remained elevated through washout. Consumption of vitamin C tablets alone was associated with improved well-being after two weeks, and additionally improved mood and fatigue for participants with consistently low vitamin C levels during lead-in. Diet records showed that participants consuming kiwifruit reduced their fat intake during the intervention period. Intervention effects remained significant when adjusting for condition allocation groupings, age, and ethnicity, and were not explained by sleep quality, physical activity, BMI, or other dietary patterns, including fat intake. There were no changes in plasma vitamin C status or vitality in the placebo group. Whole-food consumption of kiwifruit was associated with improved subjective vitality in adults with low vitamin C status. Similar, but not identical changes were found for vitamin C tablets, suggesting that additional properties of kiwifruit may contribute to improved vitality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]],"date-time":"2020-09-22T09:40:56Z","timestamp":1600767656000},"page":"2898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["KiwiC for Vitality: Results of a Placebo-Controlled Trial Testing the Effects of Kiwifruit or Vitamin C Tablets on Vitality in Adults with Low Vitamin C Levels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1520-5407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamlin","family":"Conner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6312-7795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jillian","family":"Haszard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliet","family":"Pullar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7712-5643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5207-3285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise","family":"Mainvil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4261-0854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margreet","family":"Vissers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-012-0173-y","article-title":"Is psychological well-being linked to the consumption of fruit and vegetables?","volume":"114","author":"Blanchflower","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soc. Indic. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piqueras, J.A., Kuhne, W., Vera-Villarroel, P., Van Straten, A., and Cuijpers, P. (2011). Happiness and health behaviours in Chilean college students: A cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health, 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-443"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12021","article-title":"Many apples a day keep the blues away-daily experiences of negative and positive affect and food consumption in young adults","volume":"18","author":"White","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2013.06.088","article-title":"Mediterranean diet adherence and self-reported psychological functioning in an Australian sample","volume":"70","author":"Crichton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u0142\u0105bska, D., Guzek, D., Groele, B., and Gutkowska, K. (2020). Fruit and vegetable intake and mental health in adults: A systematic review. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12010115"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/154.12.1113","article-title":"Which plasma antioxidants are most related to fruit and vegetable consumption?","volume":"154","author":"Block","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2017.11.006","article-title":"Dietary Vitamin C in human health","volume":"83","author":"Granger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Food Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(97)81048-8","article-title":"In situ kinetics: An approach to recommended intake of vitamin C","volume":"281","author":"Levine","year":"1997","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-2863(98)00002-3","article-title":"Absorption, transport, and disposition of ascorbic acid in humans","volume":"9","author":"Rumsey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9842","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.171318198","article-title":"A new recommended dietary allowance of vitamin C for healthy young women","volume":"98","author":"Levine","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515000690","article-title":"Distribution of vitamin C is tissue specific with early saturation of the brain and adrenal glands following differential oral dose regimens in guinea pigs","volume":"113","author":"Hasselholt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2013.09.040","article-title":"Regulation of embryonic neurotransmitter and tyrosine hydroxylase protein levels by ascorbic acid","volume":"1539","author":"Meredith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00000763","article-title":"New insights into copper monooxygenases and peptide amidation: Structure, mechanism and function","volume":"57","author":"Prigge","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)38398-9","article-title":"Ascorbic acid specifically enhances dopamine beta-monooxygenase activity in resting and stimulated chromaffin cells","volume":"261","author":"Levine","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(91)90002-S","article-title":"Prolyl 4-hydroxylase and its role in collagen synthesis","volume":"13","author":"Pihlajaniemi","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3704","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.8.3704","article-title":"Vitamin C pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers: Evidence for a recommended dietary allowance","volume":"93","author":"Levine","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/69.6.1086","article-title":"Toward a new recommended dietary allowance for vitamin C based on antioxidant and health effects in humans","volume":"69","author":"Carr","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. Soc. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2014.12.003","article-title":"Scurvy in pediatric age group\u2014A disease often forgotten?","volume":"6","author":"Agarwal","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Orthop. Trauma"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2008.12.018","article-title":"Vitamin C function in the brain: Vital role of the ascorbate transporter SVCT2","volume":"46","author":"Harrison","year":"2009","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/24.4.455","article-title":"Some behavioral effects of ascorbic acid deficiency","volume":"24","author":"Kinsman","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509993229","article-title":"Is vitamin C supplementation beneficial? Lessons learned from randomised controlled trials","volume":"103","author":"Lykkesfeldt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"1403","article-title":"Scurvy","volume":"54","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1976.tb04284.x","article-title":"Daily vitamin C consumption and fatigability","volume":"24","author":"Cheraskin","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2572","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6072572","article-title":"Vitamin C supplementation slightly improves physical activity levels and reduces cold incidence in men with marginal vitamin C status: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Johnston","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conner, T.S., Brookie, K.L., Carr, A.C., Mainvil, L.A., and Vissers, M.C. (2017). Let them eat fruit! The effect of fruit and vegetable consumption on psychological well-being in young adults: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171206"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303260","article-title":"Evolution of well-being and happiness after increases in consumption of fruit and vegetables","volume":"106","author":"Mujcic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665113003388","article-title":"The potential role of fruit and vegetables in aspects of psychological well-being: A review of the literature and future directions","volume":"72","author":"Rooney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"55","article-title":"Association of western and traditional diets with depression and anxiety in women","volume":"211","author":"Jacka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980015003742","article-title":"Associations of food consumption, serum vitamins and metabolic syndrome risk with physical activity level in middle-aged adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005\u20132006","volume":"19","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-014-0821-x","article-title":"Low vitamin C values are linked with decreased physical performance and increased oxidative stress: Reversal by vitamin C supplementation","volume":"55","author":"Paschalis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.14.1493","article-title":"Plasma vitamin C level, fruit and vegetable consumption, and the risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus: The European prospective investigation of cancer\u2014Norfolk prospective study","volume":"168","author":"Harding","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2013.12","article-title":"Mood improvement in young adult males following supplementation with gold kiwifruit, a high-vitamin C food","volume":"2","author":"Carr","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5472","DOI":"10.1021\/jf049398z","article-title":"Varietal difference in vitamin C content in the fruit of kiwifruit and other actinidia species","volume":"52","author":"Nishiyama","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021082","article-title":"Environmental contingency in life history strategies: The influence of mortality and socioeconomic status on reproductive timing","volume":"100","author":"Griskevicius","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Personal. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"McNair, D.M., and Heuchert, J.W.P. (2005). Profiles of Mood States\u2014Technical Update, Multi-Health Systems Inc."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2003.06.003","article-title":"Further Validation of the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory-Short Form","volume":"27","author":"Stein","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pain Symptom Manag."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-5-63","article-title":"The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS): Development and UK validation","volume":"5","author":"Tennant","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Qual. Life Outcomes"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pullar, J.M., Bayer, S., and Carr, A.C. (2018). Appropriate handling, processing and analysis of blood samples is essential to avoid oxidation of vitamin C to dehydroascorbic acid. Antioxidants, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox7020029"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3684","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5093684","article-title":"A randomized steady-state bioavailability study of synthetic versus natural (kiwifruit-derived) vitamin C","volume":"5","author":"Carr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"969","article-title":"Intention-to-treat analysis: Who is in? Who is out?","volume":"51","author":"Kruse","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Fam. Pract."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jakobsen, J.C., Gluud, C., Wetterslev, J., and Winkel, P. (2017). When and how should multiple imputation be used for handling missing data in randomised clinical trials\u2013a practical guide with flowcharts. BMC Med Res. Methodol., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-017-0442-1"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568218811922","article-title":"The sin of missing data: Is all forgiven by way of imputation?","volume":"8","author":"Dettori","year":"2018","journal-title":"Glob. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"National Research Council (2010). The prevention and treatment of missing data in clinical trials. Panel on Handling Missing Data in Clinical Trials, National Academies Press."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4284","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5114284","article-title":"Synthetic or food-derived vitamin C-are they equally bioavailable?","volume":"5","author":"Carr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-018-1627-z","article-title":"The nutritional and health attributes of kiwifruit: A review","volume":"57","author":"Richardson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Agriculture (2018). National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Legacy Release."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000117","article-title":"The gut microbiome and diet in psychiatry: Focus on depression","volume":"28","author":"Dash","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-3010.2008.00706.x","article-title":"Dietary fibre and the gut microbiota","volume":"33","author":"Scott","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nutr. Bull."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4954","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13006","article-title":"Gut microbiota richness promotes its stability upon increased dietary fibre intake in healthy adults","volume":"17","author":"Tap","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1159\/000068692","article-title":"Depression and folate status in the US population","volume":"72","author":"Morris","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychother. Psychosom."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114508959201","article-title":"Dietary electrolytes are related to mood","volume":"100","author":"Torres","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665117000350","article-title":"The challenges of control groups, placebos and blinding in clinical trials of dietary interventions","volume":"76","author":"Staudacher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2019.10.011","article-title":"Nutritional psychiatry: Towards improving mental health by what you eat","volume":"29","author":"Adan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5161","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5125161","article-title":"Myths, artifacts, and fatal flaws: Identifying limitations and opportunities in vitamin C research","volume":"5","author":"Michels","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10764","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)90577-6","article-title":"Carnitine biosynthesis from gamma-butyrobetaine and from exogenous protein-bound 6-N-trimethyl-L-lysine by the perfused guinea pig liver. Effect of ascorbate deficiency on the in situ activity of gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase","volume":"259","author":"Dunn","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/54.6.1147s","article-title":"Ascorbic acid and carnitine biosynthesis","volume":"54","author":"Rebouche","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(81)90286-5","article-title":"Effect of ascorbic acid deficiency on the in vivo synthesis of carnitine","volume":"672","author":"Nelson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22840","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.032888","article-title":"Carnitine insufficiency caused by aging and overnutrition compromises mitochondrial performance and metabolic control","volume":"284","author":"Noland","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"241","article-title":"Dopamine beta-hydroxylase in health and disease","volume":"12","author":"Rush","year":"1980","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2012.09.009","article-title":"Ascorbic acid efficiently enhances neuronal synthesis of norepinephrine from dopamine","volume":"90","author":"May","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/110.10.2085","article-title":"Effects of chronic ascorbic acid deficiency on guinea pig lysosomal hydrolase activities","volume":"110","author":"Hoehn","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"175","article-title":"Changes relevant to catecholamine metabolism in liver and brain of ascorbic acid deficient guinea-pigs","volume":"45","author":"Deana","year":"1975","journal-title":"Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-1167fje","article-title":"Impaired adrenal catecholamine system function in mice with deficiency of the ascorbic acid transporter (SVCT2)","volume":"17","author":"Bornstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.08.054","article-title":"Mechanisms of ascorbic acid stimulation of norepinephrine synthesis in neuronal cells","volume":"426","author":"May","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2009.08.006","article-title":"Toward a functional neuroanatomy of pleasure and happiness","volume":"13","author":"Kringelbach","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nu.06.070186.002053","article-title":"The biochemical functions of ascorbic acid","volume":"6","author":"Englard","year":"1986","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/54.6.1153s","article-title":"The role of ascorbate in the biosynthesis of neuroendocrine peptides","volume":"54","author":"Eipper","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3109\/01485019208987723","article-title":"HPLC determination of an oxytocin-like peptide produced by isolated guinea pig Leydig cells: Stimulation by ascorbate","volume":"29","author":"Kukucka","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch. Androl."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1220313","article-title":"Post-translational processing of oxytocin-neurophysin prohormone in the ovine corpus luteum: Activity of peptidyl glycine alpha-amidating mono-oxygenase and concentrations of its cofactor, ascorbic acid","volume":"122","author":"Sheldrick","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.06.001","article-title":"Oxytocin role in enhancing well-being: A literature review","volume":"130","author":"Ishak","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1140423","article-title":"Catecholamines and ascorbic acid as stimulators of bovine ovarian oxytocin secretion","volume":"114","author":"Luck","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3390\/nu14194063","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]],"date-time":"2020-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600732800000}}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/12\/9\/2898\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]],"date-time":"2025-08-03T13:56:37Z","timestamp":1754229397000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/12\/9\/2898"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["nu12092898"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12092898","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3390\/nu14194063","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]]}}}