{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T16:49:31Z","timestamp":1785775771011,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]],"date-time":"2020-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The consumption of teff (Eragrostis tef), a gluten-free cereal grain, has increased due to its dense nutrient composition including complex carbohydrates, unsaturated fatty acids, trace minerals (especially Fe), and phytochemicals. This study utilized the clinically-validated Gallus gallus intra amniotic feeding model to assess the effects of intra-amniotic administration of teff extracts versus controls using seven groups: (1) non-injected; (2) 18\u2126 H2O injected; (3) 5% inulin; (4) teff extract 1%; (5) teff extract 2.5%; (6) teff extract 5%; and (7) teff extract 7.5%. The treatment groups were compared to each other and to controls. Our data demonstrated a significant improvement in hepatic iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) concentration and LA:DGLA ratio without concomitant serum concentration changes, up-regulation of various Fe and Zn brush border membrane proteins, and beneficial morphological changes to duodenal villi and goblet cells. No significant taxonomic alterations were observed using 16S rRNA sequencing of the cecal microbiota. Several important bacterial metabolic pathways were differentially enriched in the teff group, likely due to teff\u2019s high relative fiber concentration, demonstrating an important bacterial-host interaction that contributed to improvements in the physiological status of Fe and Zn. Therefore, teff appeared to represent a promising staple food crop and should be further evaluated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12103020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]],"date-time":"2020-10-02T09:39:25Z","timestamp":1601631565000},"page":"3020","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Alterations in the Intestinal Morphology, Gut Microbiota, and Trace Mineral Status Following Intra-Amniotic Administration (Gallus gallus) of Teff (Eragrostis tef) Seed Extracts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Johnathon","family":"Carboni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spenser","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-7201, USA"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Fontana Medical Centers, Fontana, CA 92335, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9193-317X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolai","family":"Kolba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-7201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adi","family":"Eshel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502 Safed, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7738-1337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omry","family":"Koren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502 Safed, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7856-5197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elad","family":"Tako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-7201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"138","article-title":"Prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among children in Ethiopia: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Abebe","year":"2018","journal-title":"EJIFCC"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gebreegziabher, T., and Stoecker, B.J. 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