{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T20:16:47Z","timestamp":1780431407213,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":162,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]],"date-time":"2020-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to the most common form of dementia in elderly people. Modifiable dietary and lifestyle factors could either accelerate or ameliorate the aging process and the risk of developing AD and other age-related morbidities. Emerging evidence also reports a potential link between oral and gut microbiota alterations and AD. Dietary polyphenols, in particular wine polyphenols, are a major diver of oral and gut microbiota composition and function. Consequently, wine polyphenols health effects, mediated as a function of the individual\u2019s oral and gut microbiome are considered one of the recent greatest challenges in the field of neurodegenerative diseases as a promising strategy to prevent or slow down AD progression. This review highlights current knowledge on the link of oral and intestinal microbiome and the interaction between wine polyphenols and microbiota in the context of AD. Furthermore, the extent to which mechanisms bacteria and polyphenols and its microbial metabolites exert their action on communication pathways between the brain and the microbiota, as well as the impact of the molecular mediators to these interactions on AD patients, are described.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12103082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T10:18:00Z","timestamp":1602497880000},"page":"3082","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Relationship between Wine Consumption, Diet and Microbiome Modulation in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4136-595X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Victoria","family":"Moreno-Arribas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, c\/Nicol\u00e1s Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4470-251X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bego\u00f1a","family":"Bartolom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, c\/Nicol\u00e1s Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0096-6238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"Pe\u00f1alvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine, Unit Noncommunicable Diseases, Natl Str 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2232-7971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"P\u00e9rez-Matute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Center of La Rioja (CIBIR) c\/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8985-7737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9","family":"Motilva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Grapevine and Wine Sciences (ICVV), CSIC-University of La Rioja-Government of La Rioja, Autov\u00eda del Camino de Santiago LO-20 Exit 13, 26007 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2020, July 29). Available online: https:\/\/www.nia.nih.gov\/health\/what-happens-brain-alzheimers-disease."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association (2019). Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Facts and Figures. Alzheimer\u2019s Dement., 15, 321\u2013387.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.01.010"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2001.81.2.741","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Genes, proteins, and therapy","volume":"81","author":"Selkoe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01124-1","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"388","author":"Scheltens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)00062-4","article-title":"Defeating Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other dementias: A priority for European science and society","volume":"15","author":"Winblad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2017). Global Action Plan on the Public Health Response to Dementia 2017\u20132025, World Health Organization. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"(2020, July 29). Available online: https:\/\/aspe.hhs.gov\/system\/files\/pdf\/NatPlan2018.pdf."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.14040480","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric symptoms as predictors of progression to severe Alzheimer\u2019s dementia and death: The Cache County Dementia Progression Study","volume":"172","author":"Peters","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2017.06.074","article-title":"Genetics of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: From pathogenesis to clinical usage","volume":"45","author":"Shao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.01.012","article-title":"Molecular genetics of early-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease revisited","volume":"12","author":"Cacace","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht101","article-title":"Altered expression of diabetes-related genes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease brains: The Hisayama study","volume":"24","author":"Hokama","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-140606","article-title":"Blood genome-wide transcriptional profiles reflect broad molecular impairments and strong blood-brain links in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"43","author":"Naughton","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-019-0524-y","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Risk factors and potentially protective measures","volume":"26","author":"Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2015.09.001","article-title":"Towards prevention and therapy of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"43\u201344","author":"Pasinetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2012.5142","article-title":"Phenolic acid intake, delivered via moderate champagne wine consumption, improves spatial working memory via the modulation of hippocampal and cortical protein expression\/activation","volume":"19","author":"Corona","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antiox. Redox Signal"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moreno-Arribas, M.V., and Bartolom\u00e9 Sualdea, B. (2016). Role of wine components in inflammation and chronic diseases. Wine Safety, Consumer Preference, and Human Health, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24514-0"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2016.09.010","article-title":"Nutrition for the ageing brain: Towards evidence for an optimal diet","volume":"35","author":"Vauzour","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600252","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201600252","article-title":"Gut microbiota, diet, and obesity-related disorders-The good, the bad, and the future challenges","volume":"61","author":"Portune","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2010.04.004","article-title":"Perspectives of the potential implications of wine polyphenols on human oral and gut microbiota","volume":"21","author":"Requena","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.07.007","article-title":"Towards microbiome-informed dietary recommendations for promoting metabolic and mental health: Opinion papers of the MyNewGut project","volume":"37","author":"Sanz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3843","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.9b01175","article-title":"Interindividual variability in absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of food phytochemicals should be reported","volume":"67","author":"Morand","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rinninella, E., Cintoni, M., Raoul, P., Lopetuso, L.R., Scaldaferri, F., Pulcini, G., Miggiano, G.A.D., Gasbarrini, A., and Mele, M.C. (2019). Food components and dietary habits: Keys for a healthy gut microbiota composition. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102393"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6941.12037","article-title":"In vitro fermentation of grape seed flavan-3-ol fractions by human faecal microbiota: Changes in microbial groups and phenolic metabolites","volume":"83","author":"Cueva","year":"2013","journal-title":"FEMS Microb. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.027847","article-title":"Influence of red wine polyphenols and ethanol on the gut microbiota ecology and biochemical biomarkers","volume":"95","author":"Murri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cueva, C., Gil-S\u00e1nchez, I., Ayuda-Dur\u00e1n, B., Gonz\u00e1lez-Manzano, S., Gonz\u00e1lez-Param\u00e1s, A.M., Santos-Buelga, C., Bartolom\u00e9, B., and Moreno-Arribas, M.A. (2017). An integrated view of the effects of wine polyphenols and their relevant metabolites on gut and host health. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22010099"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandes, I., P\u00e9rez-Gregorio, R., Soares, S., Mateus, N., and de Freitas, V. (2017). Wine flavonoids in health and disease prevention. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22020292"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2019.08.001","article-title":"Polyphenols in the management of brain disorders: Modulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis","volume":"91","author":"Serra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Food Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"3","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of selected microbial-derived phenolic metabolites and aroma compounds from wine in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, and their putative mechanisms of action","volume":"4","author":"Rendeiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2017.04.033","article-title":"The gut microbiota: A key factor in the therapeutic effects of (poly) phenols","volume":"139","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2018.1546668","article-title":"A critical review on grape polyphenols for neuroprotection: Strategies to enhance bioefficacy","volume":"60","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-141170","article-title":"The microbiome and disease: Reviewing the links between the oral microbiome, aging, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"43","author":"Shoemark","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaau3333","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau3333","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis in Alzheimer\u2019s disease brains: Evidence for disease causation and treatment with small-molecule inhibitors","volume":"5","author":"Dominy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563405","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2018.1563405","article-title":"Assessing the role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in periodontitis to determine a causative relationship with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Singhrao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Oral Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1038\/461895a","article-title":"Neuroscience: Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"461","author":"Mucke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/alzrt104","article-title":"Dementia prevention: Current epidemiological evidence and future perspective","volume":"4","author":"Mangialasche","year":"2012","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.9879","article-title":"Association of lifestyle and genetic risk with incidence of dementia","volume":"322","author":"Lourida","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181a2fd07","article-title":"Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for dementia and cognitive decline: Meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"17","author":"Anstey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blondell, S.J., Hammersley-Mather, R., and Veerman, J.L. (2014). Does physical activity prevent cognitive decline and dementia?: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. BMC Public Health, 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-510"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6144","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9516-4","article-title":"Dietary patterns and risk of dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"53","author":"Cao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhong, G., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Guo, J.J., and Zhao, Y. (2015). Smoking is associated with an increased risk of dementia: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies with investigation of potential effect modifiers. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118333"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70072-2","article-title":"The projected effect of risk factor reduction on Alzheimer\u2019s disease prevalence","volume":"10","author":"Barnes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095699","article-title":"Aerobic exercise ameliorates cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"50","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70526-9","article-title":"Adiposity indices and dementia","volume":"5","author":"Gustafson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, Y., Ajnakina, O., Steptoe, A., and Cadar, D. (2020). Higher risk of dementia in English older individuals who are overweight or obese. Int. J. Epidem.","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyaa099"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-019-0271-4","article-title":"Diet and inflammation in cognitive ageing and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"McGrattan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Nutr. Rep."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)70016-5","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Heneka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30338-7","article-title":"Nutrition and prevention of cognitive impairment","volume":"17","author":"Scarmeas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1200303","article-title":"Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a mediterranean diet","volume":"368","author":"Estruch","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704173361601","article-title":"A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure","volume":"336","author":"Appel","year":"1997","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.11.009","article-title":"MIND diet associated with reduced incidence of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Morris","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2015.04.011","article-title":"MIND diet slows cognitive decline with aging","volume":"11","author":"Morris","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1159\/000093478","article-title":"Fat intake at midlife and risk of dementia and alzheimer\u2019s disease: A population-based study","volume":"22","author":"Laitinen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.2.194","article-title":"Dietary fats and the risk of incident Azheimer\u00b4s disease","volume":"60","author":"Morris","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.263","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer disease: Risk, mechanisms and therapy","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Snowden, S.G., Ebshiana, A.A., Hye, A., An, Y., Pletnikova, O., O\u2019Brien, R., Troncoso, J., Legido-Quigley, C., and Thambisetty, M. (2017). Association between fatty acid metabolism in the brain and Alzheimer disease neuropathology and cognitive performance: A nontargeted metabolomic study. PLoS Med., 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002266"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(04)00878-6","article-title":"Dietary factors and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"3","author":"Luchsinger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"155","article-title":"Chronic diseases and conditions related to alcohol use","volume":"35","author":"Shield","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alcohol Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000180520.35181.24","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and cognitive function in late life: A longitudinal community study","volume":"65","author":"Ganguli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.11.1405","article-title":"Prospective study of alcohol consumption and risk of dementia in older adults","volume":"289","author":"Mukamal","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07493-7","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and risk of dementia: The Rotterdam Study","volume":"359","author":"Ruitenberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041152","article-title":"Effects of moderate alcohol consumption on cognitive function in women","volume":"352","author":"Stampfer","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-017-0225-3","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and dementia risk: A dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"32","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38181.418958.BE","article-title":"Alcohol drinking in middle age and subsequent risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in old age: A prospective population based study","volume":"329","author":"Anttila","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.06.054","article-title":"Relationship of alcohol consumption to all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer-related mortality in U.S. adults","volume":"70","author":"Xi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bucher, T., Deroover, K., and Stockley, C. (2018). Low-alcohol wine: A narrative review on consumer perception and behavior. Beverages, 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/beverages4040082"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf074","article-title":"Risk factors for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A prospective analysis from the Canadian study of health and aging","volume":"156","author":"Lindsay","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000031421.50369.E7","article-title":"Amount and type of alcohol and risk of dementia: The Copenhagen City Heart Study","volume":"59","author":"Truelsen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3909","DOI":"10.1021\/jf400678d","article-title":"Comparative study of Microbial-Derived Phenolic Metabolites in Human Feces after Intake of Gin, Red Wine, and Dealcoholized Red Wine","volume":"61","author":"Monagas","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114513002845","article-title":"Consumption of alcoholic beverages and cognitive decline at middle age: The Doetinchem Cohort Study","volume":"111","author":"Nooyens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"185","article-title":"Wine consumption and dementia in the elderly: A prospective community study in the Bordeaux area","volume":"153","author":"Orgogozo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Rev. Neurol. (Paris)"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm366","article-title":"Alcoholic beverages and incidence of dementia: 34-year follow-up of the prospective population study of women in Goteborg","volume":"167","author":"Mehlig","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2018.06.010","article-title":"What\u2019s in wine? A clinician\u2019s perspective","volume":"29","author":"Haseeb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Cardiov. Med."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.001","article-title":"Extensive unexplored human microbiome diversity revealed by over 150,000 genomes from metagenomes spanning age, geography, and lifestyle","volume":"176","author":"Pasolli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_74","unstructured":"(2020, July 29). The Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD). Available online: http:\/\/www.homd.org\/."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2017.09.008","article-title":"The role of wine and food polyphenols in oral health","volume":"69","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fshw.2018.12.001","article-title":"Oral microbiota: A new view of body health","volume":"8","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Sci. Hum. Wellness"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08821","article-title":"A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing","volume":"464","author":"Qin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-019-00281-5","article-title":"Targeting Carbohydrates and Polyphenols for a Healthy Microbiome and Healthy Weight","volume":"8","author":"Cani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Nutr. Rep."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104816","article-title":"Host-bacterial mutualism in the human intestine","volume":"307","author":"Backhed","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-015-0390-3","article-title":"Gut microbiota: A key player in health and disease. A review focused on obesity","volume":"71","author":"Oteo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104582","article-title":"Oral microbiota and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Do all roads lead to Rome?","volume":"151","author":"Sureda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12895","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69931-x","article-title":"Nitrate as a potential prebiotic for the oral microbiome","volume":"10","author":"Rosier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.04.006","article-title":"Serum antibodies to periodontal pathogens are a risk factor for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Stein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-121918","article-title":"Determining the presence of periodontopathic virulence factors in short-term postmortem Alzheimer\u2019s disease brain tissue","volume":"36","author":"Poole","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270602","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2016.1270602","article-title":"Chronic Porphyromonas gingivalis infection accelerates the occurrence of age-related granules in ApoE\u2013\/\u2013 mice brains","volume":"9","author":"Singhrao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Oral. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"E791","article-title":"Biogeography of a human oral microbiome at the micron scale","volume":"113","author":"Rossetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13537","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13601-y","article-title":"Gut microbiome alterations in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Vogt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.055","article-title":"Neuron-specific menin deletion leads to synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairment by modulating p35 expression","volume":"24","author":"Zuang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.07.019","article-title":"Transferring the blues: Depression-associated gut microbiota induces neurobehavioural changes in the rat","volume":"82","author":"Kelly","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4907","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23261-1","article-title":"Microbiome-metabolome signatures in mice genetically prone to develop dementia, fed a normal or fatty diet","volume":"8","author":"Sanguinetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1494-4","article-title":"Antibiotics, gut microbiota, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Angelucci","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00098","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation in neurological disorders","volume":"10","author":"Vendrik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00318","article-title":"Secretory products of the human GI tract microbiome and their potential impact on Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD): Detection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in AD hippocampus","volume":"7","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2016.08.019","article-title":"Association of brain amyloidosis with pro-inflammatory gut bacterial taxa and peripheral inflammation markers in cognitively impaired elderly","volume":"49","author":"Cattaneo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2017.12.009","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease and gut microbiota modifications: The long way between preclinical studies and clinical evidence","volume":"129","author":"Mancuso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00632-19","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00632-19","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease microbiome is associated with dysregulation of the anti-inflammatory p-glycoprotein pathway","volume":"10","author":"Bhattarai","year":"2019","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.02.009","article-title":"Butyrate, neuroepigenetics and the gut microbiome: Can a high fiber diet improve brain health?","volume":"625","author":"Bourassa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00143","article-title":"The post-amyloid era in alzheimer\u2019s disease: Trust your gut feeling","volume":"11","author":"Osorio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koliarakis, I., Messaritakis, I., Nikolouzakis, T.K., Hamilos, G., Souglakos, J., and Tsiaoussis, J. (2019). Oral bacteria and intestinal dysbiosis in colorectal cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20174146"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00155","article-title":"Interplay between the gut-brain axis, obesity and cognitive function","volume":"12","author":"Agusti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.11.010","article-title":"Feeding melancholic microbes: MyNewGut recommendations on diet and mood","volume":"38","author":"Dinan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06553.x","article-title":"Microbial butyrate and its role for barrier function in the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"1258","author":"Stumpff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_103","unstructured":"(2020, July 29). ClinicalTrials.gov Database, Available online: https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00398","article-title":"Exploring the association between alzheimer\u2019s disease, oral health, microbial endocrinology and nutrition","volume":"9","author":"Harding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hashioka, S., Inoue, K., Miyaoka, T., Hayashida, M., Wake, R., Oh-Nishi, A., and Inagaki, M. (2019). The possible causal link of periodontitis to neuropsychiatric disorders: More than psychosocial mechanisms. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20153723"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-017-0282-6","article-title":"Association between chronic periodontitis and the risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A retrospective, population-based, matched-cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ide, M., Harris, M., Stevens, A., Sussams, R., Hopkins, V., Culliford, D., Fuller, J., Ibbett, P., Raybould, R., and Thomas, R. (2016). Periodontitis and cognitive decline in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151081"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2017.11.005","article-title":"Microbiota and aging. A review and commentary","volume":"48","author":"Friedland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giau, V.V., Wu, S.Y., Jamerlan, A., An, S.S.A., Kim, S.Y., and Hulme, J. (2018). Gut microbiota and their neuroinflammatory implications in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111765"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02587-2","article-title":"Microbiota modulation counteracts Alzheimer\u2019s disease progression influencing neuronal proteolysis and gut hormones plasma levels","volume":"7","author":"Bonfili","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41802","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41802","article-title":"Reduction of Beta-amyloid pathology in APPPS1 transgenic mice in the absence of gut microbiota","volume":"7","author":"Harach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180176","article-title":"Gut microbiota is altered in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"63","author":"Zhuang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.5.727","article-title":"Polyphenols: Food sources and bioavailability","volume":"79","author":"Manach","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00e1rquez Campos, E., Stehle, P., and Simon, M.C. (2019). Microbial metabolites of flavan-3-ols and their biological activity. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102260"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO01997E","article-title":"The effects of polyphenols and other bioactives on human health","volume":"10","author":"Fraga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2013.05.001","article-title":"Benefits of polyphenols on gut microbiota and implications in human health","volume":"24","author":"Cardona","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000314","article-title":"Interactions of gut microbiota with dietary polyphenols and consequences to human health","volume":"19","author":"Selma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zorraqu\u00edn-Pe\u00f1a, I., Esteban-Fern\u00e1ndez, A., Gonz\u00e1lez de Llano, D., Bartolom\u00e9, B., and Moreno-Arribas, M.V. (2019). Wine-derived phenolic metabolites in the digestive and brain function. Beverages, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/beverages5010007"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102834","article-title":"Decreased salivary lactoferrin levels are specific to Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"57","author":"Bartolome","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4731","DOI":"10.1021\/jf501768p","article-title":"Red wine and oenological extracts display antimicrobial effects in an oral bacteria biofilm model","volume":"62","author":"Thurnheer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez, M.C., Ribeiro-Vidal, H., Esteban-Fern\u00e1ndez, A., Bartolom\u00e9, B., Figuero, E., Moreno-Arribas, M.V., and Herrera, D. (2019). Antimicrobial activity of red wine and oenological extracts against periodontal pathogens in a validated oral biofilm model. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-019-2533-5"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b05466","article-title":"Inhibition of oral pathogens adhesion to human gingival fibroblasts by wine polyphenols alone and in combination with an oral probiotic","volume":"66","author":"Ferrer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.18-0751","article-title":"In vitro beneficial effects of Streptococcus dentisani as potential oral probiotic for periodontal diseases","volume":"90","author":"Ferrer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fty030","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/fty030","article-title":"Green tea polyphenols enhance gingival keratinocyte integrity and protect against invasion by Porphyromonas gingivalis","volume":"76","author":"Lagha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pathog. Dis."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12930","article-title":"Effect of Resveratrol on biofilm formation and virulence factor gene expression of Porphyromonas gingivalis in periodontal disease","volume":"127","author":"Kugaji","year":"2019","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2018.07.019","article-title":"The effects of grape and red wine polyphenols on gut microbiota\u2014A systematic review","volume":"113","author":"Nash","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.051128","article-title":"Effect of acute and chronic red wine consumption on lipopolysaccharide concentrations","volume":"97","author":"Cardona","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2015.09.015","article-title":"Stability of saliva microbiota during moderate consumption of red wine","volume":"60","author":"Barroso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.08.024","article-title":"Red wine consumption associated with increased gut microbiota \u03b1-diversity in 3 independent cohorts","volume":"158","author":"Wells","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3233\/NHA-170030","article-title":"Gut microbiome and aging: Physiological and mechanistic insights","volume":"4","author":"Nagpala","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr. Healthy Aging"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10567","DOI":"10.1021\/jf503310c","article-title":"Moderate consumption of red wine modulate human intestinal inflammatory response","volume":"62","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2018.1400909","article-title":"Protective roles of intestinal microbiota derived short chain fatty acids in Alzheimer\u2019s disease-type beta-amyloid neuropathological mechanisms","volume":"18","author":"Ho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Neurother."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad3369","article-title":"Population-based metagenomics analysis reveals markers for gut microbiome composition and diversity","volume":"352","author":"Zhernakova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belda, I., Cueva, C., Zorraqu\u00edn-Pe\u00f1a, I., Tamargo, A., Ortiz-\u00c1lvarez, R., Acedo, A., Bartolom\u00e9, B., and Moreno-Arribas, M.V. (2020). A multi-omics approach for understanding the effects of moderate wine consumption on intestinal human health, submitted for publication.","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO02938F"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9470","DOI":"10.1021\/jf4025135","article-title":"Profiling of microbial-derived phenolic metabolites in human feces after moderate red wine intake","volume":"61","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1021\/pr500960g","article-title":"Faecal metabolomic fingerprint after moderate consumption of red wine by healthy subjects","volume":"14","author":"Cifuentes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.7b00904","article-title":"An ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry metabolomic approach to studying the impact of moderate red-wine consumption on urinary metabolome","volume":"17","author":"Simo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_138","first-page":"455","article-title":"Metabolome-based clustering after moderate wine consumption","volume":"3","author":"Simo","year":"2020","journal-title":"OENO One"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2015.03.003","article-title":"Application of a new Dynamic Gastrointestinal Simulator (SIMGI) to study the impact of red wine in colonic metabolism","volume":"72","author":"Cueva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6b04538","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of bioavailable polyphenol-derived metabolites against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells","volume":"65","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2015.10.002","article-title":"Clinical phenotype clustering in cardiovascular risk patients for the identification of responsive metabotypes after red wine polyphenol intake","volume":"28","author":"Llorach","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s003940170011","article-title":"Malvidin-3-glucoside bioavailability in humans after ingestion of red wine, dealcoholized red wine and red grape juice","volume":"40","author":"Bub","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Due\u00f1as, M., Mu\u00f1oz-Gonz\u00e1lez, I., Cueva, C., Jim\u00e9nez-Gir\u00f3n, A., S\u00e1nchez-Pat\u00e1n, F., Santos-Buelga, C., Moreno-Arribas, M.V., and Bartolom\u00e9, B. (2015). A survey of modulation of gut microbiota by dietary polyphenols. Biomed Res. Int., 850902.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/850902"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.9b02155","article-title":"Low-molecular weight metabolites from polyphenols as effectors for attenuating neuroinflammation","volume":"68","author":"Carregosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.9b01970","article-title":"Grape-Derived Polyphenols Ameliorate Stress-Induced Depression by Regulating Synaptic Plasticity","volume":"68","author":"Caracci","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0779-0","article-title":"Resveratrol regulates neuro-inflammation and induces adaptive immunity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Moussa","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_147","first-page":"115","article-title":"Cognitive-Enhancing Effects of a Polyphenols-Rich Extract from Fruits without Changes in Neuropathology in an Animal Model of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"55","author":"Bourassa","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_148","first-page":"914273","article-title":"Dietary polyphenols as modulators of brain functions: Biological actions and molecular mechanisms underpinning their beneficial effects","volume":"2012","author":"Vazour","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3540493","article-title":"Epicatechin and its in vivo metabolite, 3\u2019-O-methyl epicatechin, protect human fibroblasts from oxidative-stress-induced cell death involving caspase-3 activation","volume":"354","author":"Spencer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reddy, V.P., Aryal, P., Robinson, S., Rafiu, R., Obrenovich, M., and Perry, G. (2020). Polyphenols in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and in the Gut\u2013Brain Axis. Microorganism, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8020199"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-017-1576-y","article-title":"Blood\u2013brain barrier transport and neuroprotective potential of blackberry-digested polyphenols: An in vitro study","volume":"58","author":"Figueira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-0168rev","article-title":"Resveratrol: From grapevines to mammalian biology","volume":"17","author":"Pervaiz","year":"2003","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vingtdeux, V., Dreses-Werringloer, U., Zhao, H., Davies, P., and Marambaud, P. (2008). Therapeutic potential of resveratrol in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. BMC Neurosci., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-9-S2-S6"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1315377","article-title":"Novel role of red wine-derived polyphenols in the prevention of Alzheimer\u2019s disease dementia and brain pathology: Experimental approaches and clinical implications","volume":"78","author":"Pasinetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-017-0039-8","article-title":"Gallic acid and p-coumaric acid attenuate type 2 diabetes-induced neurodegeneration in rats","volume":"32","author":"Yousef","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02794-5","article-title":"Epigenetic modulation of inflammation and synaptic plasticity promotes resilience against stress in mice","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kho, A.R., Choi, B.Y., Lee, S.H., Hong, D.K., Lee, S.H., Jeong, J.H., Park, K.-H., Song, H.K., Choi, H.C., and Suh, S.W. (2018). Effects of protocatechuic acid (pca) on global cerebral ischemia-induced hippocampal neuronal death. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19051420"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2016.00031","article-title":"Putative role of red wine polyphenols against brain pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"3","author":"Caruana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28641","article-title":"Effects of resveratrol on cerebral blood flow variables and cognitive performance in humans: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover investigation","volume":"91","author":"Kennedy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_160","first-page":"175","article-title":"Effects of a six-month multi-ingredient nutrition supplement intervention of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin D, resveratrol, and whey protein on cognitive function in older adults: A randomised, double-blind, controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Moran","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Prev. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2012.09.093","article-title":"Gut and microbial resveratrol metabolite profiling after moderate long-term consumption of red wine versus dealcoholized red wine in humans by an optimized ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method","volume":"1265","author":"Llorach","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.08.001","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of resveratrol metabolic profile in healthy humans after moderate consumption of red wine and grape extract tablets","volume":"66","author":"Estruch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/12\/10\/3082\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:18:07Z","timestamp":1760177887000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/12\/10\/3082"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]]},"references-count":162,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["nu12103082"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12103082","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]]}}}