{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:59:29Z","timestamp":1787029169648,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union FP7","award":["613598"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["613598"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Meta-analysis of observational studies concluded that soft drinks may increase the risk of depression, while high consumption of coffee and tea may reduce the risk. Objectives were to explore the associations between the consumption of soft drinks, coffee or tea and: (1) a history of major depressive disorder (MDD) and (2) the severity of depressive symptoms clusters (mood, cognitive and somatic\/vegetative symptoms). Methods: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis based on baseline and 12-month-follow-up data collected from four countries participating in the European MooDFOOD prevention trial. In total, 941 overweight adults with subsyndromal depressive symptoms aged 18 to 75 years were analyzed. History of MDD, depressive symptoms and beverages intake were assessed. Results: Sugar-sweetened soft drinks were positively related to MDD history rates whereas soft drinks with non-nutritive sweeteners were inversely related for the high vs. low categories of intake. Longitudinal analysis showed no significant associations between beverages and mood, cognitive and somatic\/vegetative clusters. Conclusion: Our findings point toward a relationship between soft drinks and past MDD diagnoses depending on how they are sweetened while we found no association with coffee and tea. No significant effects were found between any studied beverages and the depressive symptoms clusters in a sample of overweight adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12103202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T09:28:23Z","timestamp":1603186103000},"page":"3202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Associations of Non-Alcoholic Beverages with Major Depressive Disorder History and Depressive Symptoms Clusters in a Sample of Overweight Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2073-6539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. \u00c1ngeles","family":"P\u00e9rez-Ara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Universitari d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 en Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut, Idisba, Rediapp, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margalida","family":"Gili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Universitari d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 en Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut, Idisba, Rediapp, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjolein","family":"Visser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda W.J.H.","family":"Penninx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8762-382X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingeborg A.","family":"Brouwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ed","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Owens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Garc\u00eda-Toro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Universitari d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 en Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut, Idisba, Rediapp, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Hegerl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Goethe-Universit\u00e4t Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Kohls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5488-1814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariska","family":"Bot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miquel","family":"Roca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Universitari d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 en Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut, Idisba, Rediapp, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61689-4","article-title":"Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990\u20132010: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"380","author":"Murray","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.03.014","article-title":"Prevalence and comorbidity of common mental disorders in primary care","volume":"119","author":"Roca","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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