{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:21:57Z","timestamp":1791195717994,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":180,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]],"date-time":"2020-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Torino","award":["ID 61356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID 61356"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006692","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["local funding"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["local funding"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006692","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(E)-\u03b2-caryophyllene (BCP) is a bicyclic sesquiterpene widely distributed in the plant kingdom, where it contributes a unique aroma to essential oils and has a pivotal role in the survival and evolution of higher plants. Recent studies provided evidence for protective roles of BCP in animal cells, highlighting its possible use as a novel therapeutic tool. Experimental results show the ability of BCP to reduce pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-\u03b1), interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-\u03baB), thus ameliorating chronic pathologies characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress, in particular metabolic and neurological diseases. Through the binding to CB2 cannabinoid receptors and the interaction with members of the family of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), BCP shows beneficial effects on obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease\/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD\/NASH) liver diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, pain and other nervous system disorders. This review describes the current knowledge on the biosynthesis and natural sources of BCP, and reviews its role and mechanisms of action in different inflammation-related metabolic and neurologic disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]],"date-time":"2020-10-26T10:38:35Z","timestamp":1603708715000},"page":"3273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":175,"title":["Protective Effects of (E)-\u03b2-Caryophyllene (BCP) in Chronic Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4307-8313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosaria","family":"Scandiffio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy"},{"name":"Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15\/a, 10135 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Geddo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4921-1453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Cottone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Querio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"Antoniotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Pia","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6814-2353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo E.","family":"Maffei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15\/a, 10135 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Bovolin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waltenberger, B., Mocan, A., \u0160mejkal, K., Heiss, E.H., and Atanasov, A.G. 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