{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T21:36:07Z","timestamp":1767908167793,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"SNUBH Research Fund","award":["14-2020-025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14-2020-025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We aimed to investigate the association of iron and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in individuals with type 2 diabetes. This cross-sectional study included 147 individuals with type 2 diabetes. Dietary intake was assessed using three-day food records. DPN was diagnosed on the basis of a Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument\u2014Physical Examination score \u22652.5. Adjusted for total energy intake, iron intake was significantly higher in individuals with DPN than in those without DPN (10.9 \u00b1 4.0 mg vs. 9.9 \u00b1 3.6 mg, p = 0.041). In addition, the iron\/PUFA ratio was significantly higher in individuals with DPN (1.4 \u00b1 0.8 vs. 1.1 \u00b1 0.4, p = 0.005). Logistic regression analyses showed that iron intake (odds ratio (OR): 1.152; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.012, 1.311) and iron\/PUFA ratio (OR: 2.283; 95% CI: 1.066, 4.887) were associated with DPN after adjustment for total energy intake, sex, age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diabetes duration, estimated glomerular filtration rate, glycated hemoglobin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and smoking. In conclusion, high dietary iron intake and an elevated iron\/PUFA ratio were associated with the presence of DPN. The present study suggests the importance of the dietary pattern of iron and PUFA intake in individuals with type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T20:05:25Z","timestamp":1604261125000},"page":"3365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Association between Iron Intake and Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes: Significance of Iron Intake and the Ratio between Iron Intake and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Intake"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Kyuho","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4764-5864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"YoonJu","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5078-6123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae Jung","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung Hee","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4188-6536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hak Chul","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250100001","article-title":"Vascular factors and metabolic interactions in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy","volume":"44","author":"Cameron","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-2042","article-title":"Diabetic neuropathy: A position statement by the American diabetes association","volume":"40","author":"Boulton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1900\/RDS.2015.12.48","article-title":"Risk factors and comorbidities in diabetic neuropathy: An update 2015","volume":"12","author":"Papanas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. 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