{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T08:37:04Z","timestamp":1778575024786,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]],"date-time":"2020-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"This research was funded by Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ),","award":["."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["."]}]},{"name":"[Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (Young Scientist of Our State)","award":["E-26\/203.250\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/203.250\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Apoio \u00e0s Institui\u00e7\u00f5es de Ensino e Pesquisa Sediadas no Rio de Janeiro","award":["E-26\/010.100978\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/010.100978\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n and European FEDER Funds","award":["PID2019-109369RB-I00 and RTI2018-093873-A-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-109369RB-I00 and RTI2018-093873-A-I00"]}]},{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel] (Print)","award":["n\u00ba.41\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\u00ba.41\/2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic disease affecting up to 25% of the population worldwide. n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have been associated with improved clinical parameters of NAFLD. Our purpose was to conduct a pilot study to evaluate the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study performed on NAFLD individuals diagnosed by ultrasound. Patients received n-3 PUFA (n = 13) or placebo (n = 11) supplementation for six months. Circulating miR-122 expression (determined by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), liver fibrosis (FibroScan\u00ae), red blood cells (RBC) fatty acids (gas chromatography), and biochemical tests were performed at baseline and after intervention. After the intervention, in the n-3 PUFA group, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and omega index increased significantly in RBC (p = 0.022 and p = 0.012, respectively), in addition to a significant reduction in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p = 0.002) and liver fibrosis (p = 0.039). However, there was no change in the expression of circulating miR-122 in both groups. Our results showed that omega-3 PUFA were incorporated in erythrocytes after six months of fish oil supplementary intake, and that n-3 PUFA were effective in reducing ALP and liver fibrosis without altering the expression of circulating miR-122 in individuals with NAFLD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]],"date-time":"2020-11-02T09:04:46Z","timestamp":1604307886000},"page":"3372","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Impact of Long-Term Supplementation with Fish Oil in Individuals with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Double Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"K\u00e1tia","family":"Cansan\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutrition Josu\u00e9 de Castro of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Citelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20559-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Carvalho Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, School of Medicine of UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8199-6724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda-Carmen","family":"L\u00f3pez de las Hazas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"D\u00e1valos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1376-1098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria das Gra\u00e7as","family":"Tavares do Carmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutrition Josu\u00e9 de Castro of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0269-5363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wilza Arantes Ferreira","family":"Peres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutrition Josu\u00e9 de Castro of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","article-title":"Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease\u2014Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27368","article-title":"Fibrosis stage is the strongest predictor for disease-specific mortality in NAFLD after up to 33 years of follow-up","volume":"61","author":"Ekstedt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2015.12.012","article-title":"The multiple-hit pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)","volume":"65","author":"Buzzetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cansan\u00e7\u00e3o, K., Monteiro, L.S., Leite, N.C., D\u00e1valos, A., Do Carmo, M.D.G.T., and Ferreira Peres, W.A. 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