{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T02:37:24Z","timestamp":1783996644777,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,29]],"date-time":"2020-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2018-2022, MIUR, Italy"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2018-2022, MIUR, Italy"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Airalzh ONLUS &amp; Coop Italia.","award":["not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["not applicable"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Risk of early-onset dementia (EOD) might be modified by environmental factors and lifestyles, including diet. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between dietary habits and EOD risk. We recruited 54 newly-diagnosed EOD patients in Modena (Northern Italy) and 54 caregivers as controls. We investigated dietary habits through a food frequency questionnaire, assessing both food intake and adherence to dietary patterns, namely the Greek-Mediterranean, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diets. We modeled the relation between dietary factors and risk using the restricted cubic spline regression analysis. Cereal intake showed a U-shaped relation with EOD, with risk increasing above 350 g\/day. A high intake (&gt;400 g\/day) of dairy products was also associated with excess risk. Although overall fish and seafood consumption showed no association with EOD risk, we found a U-shaped relation with preserved\/tinned fish, and an inverse relation with other fish. Similarly, vegetables (especially leafy) showed a strong inverse association above 100 g\/day, as did citrus and dry fruits. Overall, sweet consumption was not associated with EOD risk, while dry cake and ice-cream showed a positive relation and chocolate products an inverse one. For beverages, we found no relation with EOD risk apart from a U-shaped relation for coffee consumption. Concerning dietary patterns, EOD risk linearly decreased with the increasing adherence to the MIND pattern. On the other hand, an inverse association for the Greek-Mediterranean and DASH diets emerged only at very high adherence levels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that explores the association between dietary factors and EOD risk, and suggests that adherence to the MIND dietary pattern may decrease such risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12123682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,29]],"date-time":"2020-11-29T21:00:57Z","timestamp":1606683657000},"page":"3682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Dietary Habits and Risk of Early-Onset Dementia in an Italian Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2100-0344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Filippini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Adani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcella","family":"Malavolti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6242-531X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caterina","family":"Garuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Cilloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Vinceti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurosciences and Neurotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Neurology Unit, Modena Policlinico-University Hospital, 41126 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Zamboni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurosciences and Neurotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Neurology Unit, Modena Policlinico-University Hospital, 41126 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Tondelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Modena Policlinico-University Hospital, 41126 Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Primary care Department, Modena Local Health Authority, 41124 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Modena Policlinico-University Hospital, 41126 Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Primary care Department, Modena Local Health Authority, 41124 Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health (NeuroFARBA), University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit of Carpi Hospital, Modena Local Health Authority, 41012 Carpi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Chiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Modena Policlinico-University Hospital, 41126 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0551-2473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Vinceti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2020, November 15). 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