{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T07:21:19Z","timestamp":1778916079472,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The association between low vitamin D status and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus is well established; however, intervention trials that increased serum vitamin D (through ultraviolet B exposure or dietary supplementation) provide mixed outcomes. Recent evidence suggests that metabolites directly related to vitamin D receptor activation\u20141\u03b1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3\u2014may be better markers of vitamin D repletion status. We tested the hypothesis that a vitamin D metabolite (VDM) index, calculated as the sum of normalized fasting serum concentrations of 1\u03b1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, is associated with metabolic function. We measured subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue volume, intrahepatic triglyceride content, maximum oxygen uptake, insulin sensitivity (4 h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp), and insulin secretion (3 h meal tolerance test with mathematical modeling) and calculated the VDM index in 65 healthy Asian adults. Subjects with a low VDM index had lower peripheral insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function compared to subjects with a high VDM index (both p &lt; 0.05), matched for age, sex, BMI, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 was not associated with peripheral insulin sensitivity or beta-cell function. Our results suggest that, rather than enhancing vitamin D substrate availability, upregulation of vitamin D action is more likely to lead to improvements in glucose homeostasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12123706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T10:26:12Z","timestamp":1606731972000},"page":"3706","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Association between Serum Vitamin D Metabolites and Metabolic Function in Healthy Asian Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5255-8677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cherlyn","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Department of Human Development, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117609, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiling","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Department of Human Development, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117609, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu Chung","family":"Chooi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Department of Human Development, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117609, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Choo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Department of Human Development, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117609, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5938-1694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suresh Anand","family":"Sadananthan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Department of Human Development, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117609, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Navin","family":"Michael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Department of Human Development, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117609, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4096-0722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sambasivam Sendhil","family":"Velan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Department of Human Development, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117609, Singapore"},{"name":"Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore 117593, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2837-5889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melvin Khee-Shing","family":"Leow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Department of Human Development, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117609, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore"},{"name":"Metabolic Disorders Research Program, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore"},{"name":"Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1312-7364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faidon","family":"Magkos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1958 K\u00f8benhavn, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-017-9424-1","article-title":"The vitamin D deficiency pandemic: Approaches for diagnosis, treatment and prevention","volume":"18","author":"Holick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. 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