{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T14:26:16Z","timestamp":1782743176485,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D, in addition to its superior role as a factor regulating calcium-phosphate metabolism, shows wide effects in other processes in the human body, including key functions of the immune system. This is due to the presence of vitamin D receptors in most cells of the human body. In our study, we aimed to assess whether there is a correlation between vitamin D content and the clinical course of allergic diseases as well as establish their immunological parameters in children. We found that vitamin D deficiency was significantly more frequent in the group of children with an allergic disease than in the control group (p = 0.007). Statistically significant higher vitamin D concentrations in blood were observed in the group of children with a mild course of the disease compared to children with a severe clinical course (p = 0.03). In the group of children with vitamin D deficiency, statistically significant lower percentages of NKT lymphocytes and T-regulatory lymphocytes were detected compared to the group of children without deficiency (respectively, p = 0.02 and p = 0.05), which highlights a potential weakness of the immune system in these patients. Furthermore, statistically higher levels of interleukin-22 were observed in the group of children with vitamin D deficiency (p = 0.01), suggesting a proinflammatory alert state. In conclusion, these results confirm the positive relationship between the optimal content of vitamin D and the lesser severity of allergic diseases in children, establishing weak points in the immune system caused by vitamin D deficiency in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13010177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]],"date-time":"2021-01-10T21:21:45Z","timestamp":1610313705000},"page":"177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Vitamin D and Immunological Patterns of Allergic Diseases in Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Lipi\u0144ska-Opa\u0142ka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric, Nephrology and Allergology Clinic, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Tomaszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric, Nephrology and Allergology Clinic, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2772-5127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacek Z.","family":"Kubiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (WIHE), 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Cell Cycle Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, University of Rennes 1, UMR 6290, CNRS, Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boles\u0142aw","family":"Kalicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric, Nephrology and Allergology Clinic, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marino, R., and Misra, M. 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