{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T12:50:32Z","timestamp":1781700632041,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"OTKA K124558","award":["OTKA K124558"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OTKA K124558"]}]},{"name":"ONR Grant N000141310062","award":["ONR Grant N000141310062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ONR Grant N000141310062"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Both uridine and exogenous ketone supplements decreased the number of spike-wave discharges (SWDs) in a rat model of human absence epilepsy Wistar Albino Glaxo\/Rijswijk (WAG\/Rij) rats. It has been suggested that alleviating influence of both uridine and ketone supplements on absence epileptic activity may be modulated by A1 type adenosine receptors (A1Rs). The first aim was to determine whether intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of a specific A1R antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX; 0.2 mg\/kg) and a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist (7-(2-phenylethyl)-5-amino-2-(2-furyl)-pyrazolo-[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo [1,5-c]pyrimidine) (SCH 58261; 0.5 mg\/kg) have a modulatory influence on i.p. 1000 mg\/kg uridine-evoked effects on SWD number in WAG\/Rij rats. The second aim was to assess efficacy of a sub-effective dose of uridine (i.p. 250 mg\/kg) combined with beta-hydroxybutyrate salt + medium chain triglyceride (KSMCT; 2.5 g\/kg, gavage) on absence epilepsy. DPCPX completely abolished the i.p. 1000 mg\/kg uridine-evoked alleviating effect on SWD number whereas SCH 58261 was ineffective, confirming the A1R mechanism. Moreover, the sub-effective dose of uridine markedly enhanced the effect of KSMCT (2.5 g\/kg, gavage) on absence epileptic activity. These results demonstrate the anti-epilepsy benefits of co-administrating uridine and exogenous ketone supplements as a means to treat absence epilepsy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13010234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T12:44:05Z","timestamp":1610714645000},"page":"234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Enhancement of Ketone Supplements-Evoked Effect on Absence Epileptic Activity by Co-Administration of Uridine in Wistar Albino Glaxo Rijswijk Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Brigitta","family":"Brunner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, Savaria University Centre, K\u00e1rolyi G\u00e1sp\u00e1r t\u00e9r 4., 9700 Szombathely, Hungary"},{"name":"Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of P\u00e9cs, Ifj\u00fas\u00e1g Str. 6, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9981-0668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enik\u0151","family":"Rauch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, Savaria University Centre, K\u00e1rolyi G\u00e1sp\u00e1r t\u00e9r 4., 9700 Szombathely, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8677-823X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Csilla","family":"Ari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ketone Technologies LLC., Tampa, FL 33612, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Laboratory, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominic P.","family":"D\u2019Agostino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ketone Technologies LLC., Tampa, FL 33612, USA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Ocala, FL 34471, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8571-5686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zsolt","family":"Kov\u00e1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, Savaria University Centre, K\u00e1rolyi G\u00e1sp\u00e1r t\u00e9r 4., 9700 Szombathely, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.2174\/156802611795347636","article-title":"Area, age and gender dependence of the nucleoside system in the brain: A review of current literature","volume":"11","author":"Palkovits","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. 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