{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T19:40:10Z","timestamp":1790278810560,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,16]],"date-time":"2021-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CEU-Banco Santander","award":["MCP19V07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCP19V07"]}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Sanidad, Spain","award":["PS06\/0184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PS06\/0184"]}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n\u2014Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain","award":["PS09\/0176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PS09\/0176"]}]},{"name":"Banco Santander\/Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain","award":["Complutense Research Group 920202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Complutense Research Group 920202"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Craniofacial development requires extremely fine-tuned developmental coordination of multiple specialized tissues. It has been evidenced that a folate deficiency (vitamin B9), or its synthetic form, folic acid (FA), in maternal diet could trigger multiple craniofacial malformations as oral clefts, tongue, or mandible abnormalities. In this study, a folic acid-deficient (FAD) diet was administered to eight-week-old C57\/BL\/6J female mouse for 2\u201316 weeks. The head symmetry, palate and nasal region were studied in 24 control and 260 experimental fetuses. Our results showed a significant reduction in the mean number of fetuses per litter according to maternal weeks on FAD diet (p &lt; 0.01). Fetuses were affected by cleft palate (3.8%) as well as other severe congenital abnormalities, for the first time related to maternal FAD diet, as head asymmetries (4.6%), high arched palate (3.5%), nasal septum malformed (7.3%), nasopharynx duct shape (15%), and cilia and epithelium abnormalities (11.2% and 5.8%). Dysmorphologies of the nasal region were the most frequent, appearing at just four weeks following a maternal FAD diet. This is the first time that nasal region development is experimentally related to this vitamin deficiency. In conclusion, our report offers novel discoveries about the importance of maternal folate intake on midface craniofacial development of the embryos. Moreover, the longer the deficit lasts, the more serious the consequent effects appear to be.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13010251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T03:34:25Z","timestamp":1611113665000},"page":"251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Maternal Folic Acid Deficiency Is Associated to Developing Nasal and Palate Malformations in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1982-6526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estela","family":"Maldonado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Anatom\u00eda y Embriolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Grupo UCM de Investigaci\u00f3n n\u00ba 920202 \u201cInvestigaci\u00f3n en Desarrollo del Paladar y Fisura Palatina. Desarrollo Craneofacial\u201d, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Plaza de Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5492-8459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Anatom\u00eda y Embriolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Grupo UCM de Investigaci\u00f3n n\u00ba 920202 \u201cInvestigaci\u00f3n en Desarrollo del Paladar y Fisura Palatina. Desarrollo Craneofacial\u201d, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Plaza de Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4401-1233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Partearroyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Farmac\u00e9uticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanizaci\u00f3n Montepr\u00edncipe, Alcorc\u00f3n, 28925 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia \u201cNutrici\u00f3n para la vida (Nutrition for life)\u201d, ref: E02\/0720, Alcorc\u00f3n, 28925 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5158-4999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregorio","family":"Varela-Moreiras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Farmac\u00e9uticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanizaci\u00f3n Montepr\u00edncipe, Alcorc\u00f3n, 28925 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia \u201cNutrici\u00f3n para la vida (Nutrition for life)\u201d, ref: E02\/0720, Alcorc\u00f3n, 28925 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8926-5248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana","family":"P\u00e9rez-Miguelsanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Anatom\u00eda y Embriolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Grupo UCM de Investigaci\u00f3n n\u00ba 911308 \u201cMecanismos Moleculares Cronobiol\u00f3gicos\u201d, Plaza de Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, s\/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos (IdISSC), C\/ del Prof. Mart\u00edn Lagos, s\/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Sperber, G.H. 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