{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T15:41:28Z","timestamp":1793288488276,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Magnesium (Mg2+) deficiency is probably the most underestimated electrolyte imbalance in Western countries. It is frequent in obese patients, subjects with type-2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, both in adulthood and in childhood. This narrative review aims to offer insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms linking Mg2+ deficiency with obesity and the risk of developing metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Literature highlights critical issues about the treatment of Mg2+ deficiency, such as the lack of a clear definition of Mg2+ nutritional status, the use of different Mg2+ salts and dosage and the different duration of the Mg2+ supplementation. Despite the lack of agreement, an appropriate dietary pattern, including the right intake of Mg2+, improves metabolic syndrome by reducing blood pressure, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. This occurs through the modulation of gene expression and proteomic profile as well as through a positive influence on the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the metabolism of vitamins B1 and D.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T09:59:40Z","timestamp":1611568780000},"page":"320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":219,"title":["Magnesium in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Piuri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences \u201cL. Sacco\u201d, Universit\u00e0 di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0728-6676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Zocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences \u201cL. Sacco\u201d, Universit\u00e0 di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1984-1614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Della Porta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences \u201cL. Sacco\u201d, Universit\u00e0 di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Ficara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences \u201cL. Sacco\u201d, Universit\u00e0 di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9785-4031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Manoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Universit\u00e0 di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2795-9874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gian Vincenzo","family":"Zuccotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences \u201cL. Sacco\u201d, Universit\u00e0 di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale dei Bambini, 2154 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0337-9426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciano","family":"Pinotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Universit\u00e0 di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanette A.","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences \u201cL. Sacco\u201d, Universit\u00e0 di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0778-8529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Cazzola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences \u201cL. 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