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The ECS, centrally and peripherally, is involved in various physiological processes, including regulation of energy balance, promotion of metabolic process, food intake, weight gain, promotion of fat accumulation in adipocytes, and regulation of body homeostasis; thus, its overactivity may be related to obesity. In this review, we try to explain the role of the ECS and the impact of genetic factors on endocannabinoid system modulation in the pathogenesis of obesity, which is a global and civilizational problem affecting the entire world population regardless of age. We also emphasize that the search for potential new targets for health assessment, treatment, and the development of possible therapies in obesity is of great importance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T08:29:16Z","timestamp":1611649756000},"page":"373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["What Role Does the Endocannabinoid System Play in the Pathogenesis of Obesity?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Piotr","family":"Schulz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 \u015awi\u0119cickiego Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4388-286X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Szymon","family":"Hryhorowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6586-3611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Rychter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6995-090X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Zawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5601-7002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryszard","family":"S\u0142omski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3647-5070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Dobrowolska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5122-8003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwona","family":"Krela-Ka\u017amierczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0062-9","article-title":"Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: Aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies","volume":"14","author":"Batsis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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