{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T15:18:25Z","timestamp":1785251905925,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012965","name":"Mount Royal University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["100219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100219"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012965","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and reflux frequently experience gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS), potentially enhanced by high-intensity running. Food avoidances, food choices, and GIS in runners with IBS\/IBD (n = 53) and reflux (n = 37) were evaluated using a reliability and validity tested questionnaire. Comparisons to a control group of runners (n = 375) were made using a Fisher\u2019s Exact test. Runners with IBS\/IBD experienced the greatest amount of exercise-induced GIS followed by those with reflux. Commonly reported GIS were stomach pain\/cramps (77%; 53%), bloating (52%; 50%), intestinal pain\/cramps (58%; 33%), and diarrhea (58%; 39%) in IBS\/IBD and reflux groups respectively. In the pre-race meal, those with IBS\/IBD frequently avoided milk products (53%), legumes (37%), and meat (31%); whereas, runners with reflux avoided milk (38%), meat (36%), and high-fibre foods (33%). When considering food choices pre-race, runners with IBS\/IBD chose grains containing gluten (40%), high fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) fruits (38%), and water (38%). Runners with reflux chose water (51%), grains containing gluten (37%), and eggs (31%). In conclusion, while many runners with IBS\/IBD and reflux are avoiding trigger foods in their pre-race meals, they are also consuming potentially aggravating foods, suggesting nutrition advice may be warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T09:25:22Z","timestamp":1611912322000},"page":"448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Dietary Patterns in Runners with Gastrointestinal Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kelly Anne","family":"Erdman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Sport Institute, Calgary, AB T3B 6B7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim Wagner","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helios Wellness Centres, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn F.","family":"Madden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Physical Education, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Gammack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Physical Education, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2936-0558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jill A.","family":"Parnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Physical Education, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14157","article-title":"Systematic review: Exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome\u2014Implications for health and intestinal disease","volume":"46","author":"Costa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aliment. 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