{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:56:26Z","timestamp":1790693786639,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]],"date-time":"2021-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alterations in the gut microbiome and fecal metabolites have been detected in anorexia nervosa (AN), but differences in those profiles between restricting AN (ANR) and binge-purging AN (ANBP) type have not been explored. We made a secondary analysis of our previous data concerning microbiome and metabolomics profiles of 17 ANR women, six ANBP women and 20 healthy controls (HC). Twelve fecal metabolites differentiating ANR patients, ANBP patients and HC were identified. Both patient groups showed decreased intra-individual bacterial richness with respect to healthy controls (HC). Compared to ANR subjects, ANBP patients had a significant increase in relative abundances of Bifidobacterium, Bifidobacteriaceae, Bifidobacteriales, and Eubacteriacae and a significant decrease in relative abundances of Odoribacter, Haemophilus, Pasteurellaceae, and Pasteurellales. The heatmaps of the relationships of selected fecal metabolites with microbial families showed different structures among the three groups, with the heatmap of ANBP patients being drastically different from that of HC, while that of ANR patients resulted more similar to HC. These findings, although preliminary because of the relatively small sample size, confirm the occurrence of different gut dysbiosis in ANR and ANBP and demonstrate different connections between gut microorganisms and fecal metabolites in the two AN types.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]],"date-time":"2021-02-04T12:02:10Z","timestamp":1612440130000},"page":"507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["The Gut Microbiome and Metabolomics Profiles of Restricting and Binge-Purging Type Anorexia Nervosa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6786-4458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio Maria","family":"Monteleone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2962-7379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacopo","family":"Troisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Theoreo srl, Via Degli Ulivi 3, 84090 Montecorvino Pugliano, Italy"},{"name":"European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Via S. De Renzi, 3, 84125 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Serena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital\u2014Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2134-0261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Fasano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Via S. De Renzi, 3, 84125 Salerno, Italy"},{"name":"Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital\u2014Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9796-3721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Dalle Grave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Garda, 37016 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0358-8594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giammarco","family":"Cascino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Marciello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4028-1877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Calugi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Garda, 37016 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Scala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Theoreo srl, Via Degli Ulivi 3, 84090 Montecorvino Pugliano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Corrivetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Via S. De Renzi, 3, 84125 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Palmiero","family":"Monteleone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4153","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.174136","article-title":"The core gut microbiome, energy balance and obesity","volume":"587","author":"Turnbaugh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1113\/JP273106","article-title":"Gut instincts: Microbiota as a key regulator of brain development, ageing and neurodegeneration","volume":"595","author":"Dinan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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