{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:48:34Z","timestamp":1760233714510,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Maintaining an optimal vitamin D concentration reduces the risk of recurrence and extends survival time in patients after breast cancer treatment. Data on vitamin D deficiency among Polish women after breast cancer therapy are limited. Thus, the aim of the study was the analysis of vitamin D status in post-mastectomy patients, considering such factors as seasons, social habits, vitamin D supplementation and its measurements. The study involved 94 women after breast cancer treatment. Serum vitamin D concentration was measured, and a questionnaire, gathering demographic and clinical data regarding cancer, diet, exposure to sun radiation, and knowledge of recommendations on vitamin D supplementation, was delivered twice, in both winter and in summer. The control group consisted of 94 age-matched women with no oncological history. In women after breast cancer treatment, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency was much more frequent than in the general population. Only about half of the patients supplemented vitamin D at the beginning of the study. After the first test and the issuing of recommendations on vitamin D supplementation, the percentage of vitamin D supplemented patients increased by about 30% in study groups. The average dose of supplement also increased. None of the women that were not supplementing vitamin D and were tested again in winter had optimal 25(OH)D concentration. It was concluded that vitamin deficiency is common in women treated for breast cancer. Medical advising about vitamin D supplementation and monitoring of 25(OH)D concentration should be improved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,14]],"date-time":"2021-02-14T08:53:56Z","timestamp":1613292836000},"page":"564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of Selected Factors on the Serum 25(OH)D Concentration in Women Treated for Breast Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5360-7162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Radom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laboratory Diagmed, Lwowska 20, 33-300 Nowy S\u0105cz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"W\u0119drychowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanis\u0142aw","family":"Pieczarkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Szymon","family":"Skocze\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Hematology, Pediatric Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2061-999X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Tomasik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Pediatric Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Rak piersi: Bezpo\u015brednie i po\u015brednie czynniki ryzyka zwi\u0105zane z wiekiem i stylem \u017cycia","volume":"59","author":"Janssens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nowotw. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Wojciechowska, U., Czaderny, K., Ciuba, A., Olasek, P., and Didkowska, J. (2019, October 11). Nowotwory Z\u0142o\u015bliwe w Polsce w 2016 Roku. Krajowy Rejestr Nowotwor\u00f3w. Available online: http:\/\/onkologia.org.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Nowotwory_2016.pdf."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Didkowska, J., Wojciechowska, U., and Olasek, P. (2019, October 11). Nowotwory Z\u0142o\u015bliwe w Polsce w 2015 Roku. Krajowy Rejestr Nowotwor\u00f3w. Available online: http:\/\/onkologia.org.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Nowotwory_2015.pdf."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Didkowska, J., Wojciechowska, U., Czaderny, K., Olasek, P., and Ciuba, A. (2019, October 11). Nowotwory Z\u0142o\u015bliwe w Polsce w 2017 Roku. Krajowy Rejestr Nowotwor\u00f3w. Available online: http:\/\/onkologia.org.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Nowotwory_2017.pdf."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"193","article-title":"The Role of Diet, Physical Activity, Body Fatness, and Breastfeeding in Breast Cancer in Young Women: Epidemiological Evidence","volume":"69","author":"Romieu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Investig. Clin."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00718","article-title":"Vitamin D Binding Protein and the Biological Activity of Vitamin D","volume":"10","author":"Chun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kjms.2018.03.004","article-title":"Vitamin D: And its role in breast cancer","volume":"34","author":"Collado","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-7435(90)90058-R","article-title":"Geographic variation in breast cancer mortality in the United States: A hypothesis involving exposure to solar radiation","volume":"19","author":"Garland","year":"1990","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"129","article-title":"Role of Vitamin D Metabolism and Activity on Carcinogenesis","volume":"22","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncol. Res. Featur. Preclin. Clin. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-015-0665-6","article-title":"Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of lung cancer: A dose\u2013response meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e3182943bc2","article-title":"Plasma Vitamin D Levels, Menopause, and Risk of Breast Cancer","volume":"92","author":"Bauer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2011-0278","article-title":"Vitamin D and Breast Cancer","volume":"17","author":"Shao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25439","article-title":"Meta-analysis of observational studies of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and colorectal, breast and prostate cancer and colorectal adenoma","volume":"128","author":"Gandini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2010.03.037","article-title":"Meta-analysis: Serum vitamin D and breast cancer risk","volume":"46","author":"Yin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxx005","article-title":"Vitamin D and Cancer Risk and Mortality: State of the Science, Gaps, and Challenges","volume":"39","author":"Mondul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1178223417749816","article-title":"Vitamin D and Breast Cancer: Latest Evidence and Future Steps","volume":"11","author":"Atoum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Basic Clin. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2017.03.012","article-title":"Immune Modulation by Vitamin D: Special Emphasis on Its Role in Prevention and Treatment of Cancer","volume":"39","author":"Pandolfi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Ther."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.104323","article-title":"Interaction between current vitamin D supplementation and menopausal hormone therapy use on breast cancer risk: Evidence from the E3N cohort","volume":"102","author":"Cadeau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.10.102","article-title":"Role of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in oral cancer","volume":"109","author":"Fathi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"077004","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP943","article-title":"Serum Vitamin D and Risk of Breast Cancer within Five Years","volume":"125","author":"Sandler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Vitamin D and prevention of breast cancer","volume":"1","author":"Takalkar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Forecast"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21319","article-title":"American Cancer Society\/American Society of Clinical Oncology Breast Cancer Survivorship Care Guideline","volume":"66","author":"Runowicz","year":"2015","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii124","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdu103","article-title":"Bone health in cancer patients: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"25","author":"Coleman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00246","article-title":"Vitamin D Supplementation Guidelines for General Population and Groups at Risk of Vitamin D Deficiency in Poland\u2014Recommendations of the Polish Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes and the Expert Panel with Participation of National Specialist Consultants and Representatives of Scientific Societies\u20142018 Update","volume":"9","author":"Pludowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.5603\/NJO.2015.0062","article-title":"Standardy leczenia \u017cywieniowego w onkologii","volume":"65","author":"Jankowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nowotw. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pilz, S., Hahn, A., Sch\u00f6n, C., Wilhelm, M., and Obeid, R. (2017). Effect of Two Different Multimicronutrient Supplements on Vitamin D Status in Women of Childbearing Age: A Randomized Trial. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9010030"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-016-3877-z","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency is associated with functional decline and falls in frail elderly women despite supplementation","volume":"28","author":"Kotlarczyk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4158\/EP161435.GL","article-title":"American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis\u20142016","volume":"22","author":"Camacho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr. Pract."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"German Nutrition Society (2012). New reference values for vitamin D. Ann. Nutr. Metab., 60, 241\u2013246.","DOI":"10.1159\/000337547"},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Jarosz, M. (2012). Normy \u017bywienia dla Populacji Polskiej\u2014Nowelizacja, Wydawnictwa\u2014Instytut \u017bywno\u015bci i \u017bywienia."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Stanowisko Zespo\u0142u Ekspert\u00f3w (2010). Polskie zalecenia dotycz\u0105ce profilaktyki niedobor\u00f3w witaminy D\u20142009. Ginekol. Pol., 81, 149\u2013153."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"1163","article-title":"Meta-analysis of vitamin D sufficiency for improving survival of patients with breast cancer","volume":"34","author":"Mohr","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1482.191064","article-title":"Impact of season of diagnosis on mortality among breast cancer survivors","volume":"14","author":"Kuzmickiene","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, L., Nechuta, S., Gao, Y.-T., Zheng, Y., Dorjgochoo, T., Wu, J., Cai, Q., Zheng, W., Lu, W., and Shu, X.O. (2014). Correlates of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D among Chinese Breast Cancer Patients. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086467"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P23","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0736","article-title":"Current vitamin D status in European and Middle East countries and strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency: A position statement of the European Calcified Tissue Society","volume":"180","author":"Lips","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"530","article-title":"Vitamin D status in Poland","volume":"126","author":"Ducki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pol. Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2016-7","article-title":"Vitamin D status among adults in Germany\u2014Results from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1)","volume":"15","author":"Rabenberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Correlation of Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Deficiency with Risk of Breast Neoplasms: A Systematic Review","volume":"9","author":"Foumani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iran. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735418822056","article-title":"Effects of Vitamin D Use on Health-Related Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Patients in Early Survivorship","volume":"18","author":"Andersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Integr. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"4","article-title":"Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Breast Cancer Biomarkers: CALGB 70806 (Alliance) Study Design and Baseline Data","volume":"12","author":"Apoe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001203","article-title":"Low pretreatment serum concentration of vitamin D at breast cancer diagnosis in postmenopausal women","volume":"26","author":"Machado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"18","article-title":"Vitamin D, determinant of bone and extrabone health. Importance of vitamin D supplementation in milk and dairy products","volume":"31","author":"Valverde","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. Hosp."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woon, F.C., Chin, Y.S., Ismail, I.H., Batterham, M., Latiff, A.H.A., Gan, W.Y., Appannah, G., Hussien, S.H.M., Edi, M., and Tan, M.L. (2019). Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and its associated factors among third trimester Malaysian pregnant women. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1101\/616805"},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"1179","article-title":"Lifestyle and vitamin D dosage in women with breast cancer","volume":"33","author":"Sediyama","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr. Hosp."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2011.07.008","article-title":"A mathematical model for seasonal variability of vitamin D due to solar radiation","volume":"105","author":"Sobolewski","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, J., Lovegrove, J.A., and Givens, D.I. (2019). A Narrative Review of The Role of Foods as Dietary Sources of Vitamin D of Ethnic Minority Populations with Darker Skin: The Underestimated Challenge. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11010081"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-016-2325-y","article-title":"Influence of vitamin D signaling on hormone receptor status and HER2 expression in breast cancer","volume":"143","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2016.06.022","article-title":"High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in women with breast cancer: The first Chilean study","volume":"29","author":"Acevedo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5423","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-0353","article-title":"Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Risk of Breast Cancer in Women Followed over 20 Years","volume":"76","author":"Eliassen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13086","article-title":"Sunshine is an Important Determinant of Vitamin D Status Even among High-dose Supplement Users: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial in Crohn\u2019s Disease Patients","volume":"95","author":"Raftery","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoel, D.G., and De Gruijl, F. (2018). Sun Exposure Public Health Directives. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15122794"},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"(2020, May 07). Directive 2002\/46\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 June 2002. Available online: https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/ALL\/?uri=celex%3A32002L0046."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"3","article-title":"Suplementacja w sporcie","volume":"80","author":"Walczak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Now. Lek."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-018-4896-6","article-title":"De novo vitamin D supplement use post-diagnosis is associated with breast cancer survival","volume":"172","author":"Madden","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"w14576","article-title":"Vitamin D levels in Swiss breast cancer survivors","volume":"148","author":"Baumann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Swiss Med. Wkly."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2018.27.19.1121","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation and clinical outcomes in cancer survivorship","volume":"27","author":"Griffin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"1121","article-title":"A review of the evidence supporting the Vitamin D-cancer related hypothesis in 2017","volume":"38","author":"Grant","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.20945\/2359-3997000000062","article-title":"Low serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels are associated with aggressive breast cancer variants and poor prognostic factors in patients with breast carcinoma","volume":"62","author":"Karthikayan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madden, J.M., Duffy, M.J., Zgaga, L., and Bennett, K. (2018). Trends in vitamin D supplement use in a general female and breast cancer population in Ireland: A repeated cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0209033"},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"295","article-title":"The adherence to practice guidelines in the assessment of bone health in women with chemotherapy-induced menopause","volume":"4","author":"Tham","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Support. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2016.10.018","article-title":"Bone health and adherence to vitamin D and calcium therapy in early breast cancer patients on endocrine therapy with aromatase inhibitors","volume":"31","author":"Vazdar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2016.05.011","article-title":"Breast cancer patients\u2019 information needs and information-seeking behavior in a developing country","volume":"28","author":"Kimiafar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwy285","article-title":"The Association of a Breast Cancer Diagnosis with Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration over Time","volume":"188","author":"Sandler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01160308","article-title":"Vitamin D in Health and Disease","volume":"3","author":"Heaney","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-156-6-201203200-00005","article-title":"Dose Response to Vitamin D Supplementation in Postmenopausal Women","volume":"156","author":"Gallagher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-018-1978-1","article-title":"SEOM clinical guidelines on nutrition in cancer patients (2018)","volume":"21","author":"Majem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Oncol."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/13\/2\/564\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:21:42Z","timestamp":1760160102000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/13\/2\/564"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["nu13020564"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13020564","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-6643"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]]}}}