{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:29:40Z","timestamp":1791286180455,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most common benign gynecological tumors. It was estimated that fifty percent of women presenting with UFs has symptomatology that negatively influences their quality of life. Pharmacological and\/or surgical treatments are frequently required, depending on the woman\u2019s desire to preserve fertility, with a high impact on healthcare costs. Generally, the use of currently available pharmacological treatments may lead to side effects. Therefore, there is a growing interest in a natural and safe approach for UFs. In recent years, epidemiological studies reported a vitamin D deficiency in patients with UFs raised interest in the potential biological effects of vitamin D supplementation. In vitro studies proved vitamin D efficacy in inhibiting UFs growth by targeting pathways involved in the regulation of various biological processes, including proliferation, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, DNA repair, signaling and apoptosis. However, clinical studies supported only in part the beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation in reducing UFs growth and tumor volume. Randomized controlled trials and large population studies are mandatory as the potential clinical benefits are likely to be substantial.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T18:45:00Z","timestamp":1613155500000},"page":"597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Vitamin D: Mechanism of Action and Biological Effects in Uterine Fibroids"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2396-7674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Vergara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, strada Prov. le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William H.","family":"Catherino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA"},{"name":"Program in Reproductive Endocrinology and Gynecology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Trojano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cMadonna delle Grazie\u201d Hospital, 75100 Matera, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8426-8490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Tinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cVeris delli Ponti\u201d Hospital, Scorrano, 73020 Lecce, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Experimental Endoscopic Surgery, Imaging, Technology and Minimally Invasive Therapy, Vito Fazzi Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Human Physiology, Phystech BioMed School, Faculty of Biological &amp; Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, 141701 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"424","article-title":"Epidemiology of Uterine Myomas: A Review","volume":"9","author":"Sparic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. 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