{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T03:03:22Z","timestamp":1785467002558,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]],"date-time":"2021-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Instruction, University and Research \u2013 FIRB \u201cFuturo in ricerca\u201d","award":["RBFR08YVUL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RBFR08YVUL"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common causes of hospitalization and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Among the most important modifiable and well-known risk factors are an unhealthy diet and sedentary lifestyle. Nevertheless, adherence to healthy lifestyle regimes is poor. The present study examined longitudinal trajectories (pre-event, 6-, 12-, 24-, 36-, and 60-month follow-ups) of protein intake (fish, legumes, red\/processed meat) and physical activity in 275 newly-diagnosed patients with acute coronary syndrome. Hierarchical Generalized Linear Models were performed, controlling for demographic and clinical variables, the season in which each assessment was made, and the presence of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Significant changes in protein intake and physical activity were found from pre-event to the six-month follow-up, suggesting the adoption of healthier behaviors. However, soon after the six-month follow-up, patients experienced significant declines in their healthy behaviors. Both physical activity and red\/processed meat intake were modulated by the season in which the assessments took place and by anxiety symptoms over time. The negative long-term trajectory of healthy behaviors suggests that tailored interventions are needed that sustain patients\u2019 capabilities to self-regulate their behaviors over time and consider patient preference in function of season.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]],"date-time":"2021-02-16T04:23:10Z","timestamp":1613449390000},"page":"634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Protein Intake and Physical Activity in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A 5-Year Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8086-2801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Greco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4066-4552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agostino","family":"Brugnera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2851-8376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Adorni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7659-885X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"D\u2019Addario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Fattirolli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Critical Care, Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Franzelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Rehabilitation Centre-CTO Hospital, 20126 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Giannattasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Surgery University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Cardiology IV, \u201cA. De Gasperis\u201d Department, Ospedale Niguarda Ca\u2019 Granda, 20162 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2612-6264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Maloberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Surgery University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Cardiology IV, \u201cA. De Gasperis\u201d Department, Ospedale Niguarda Ca\u2019 Granda, 20162 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6995-4190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Zanatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1373-5802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrizia","family":"Steca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.03.009","article-title":"2019 ACC\/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Executive Summary","volume":"74","author":"Arnett","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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