{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:49:10Z","timestamp":1760233750022,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["134884 and 256235"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["134884 and 256235"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. In contrast, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder affecting the large intestine, without an autoimmune component. Here, we evaluated the prevalence of IgA and IgG antibodies to maize zeins (AZA) in patients with CD and IBS. Using an in-house ELISA assay, the IgA and IgG anti-zein antibodies in the serum of 37 newly diagnosed CD (16 biopsy proved and 21 serological diagnosis) and 375 IBS patients or 302 healthy control (HC) subjects were measured. Elevated levels of IgA AZA were found in CD patients compared with IBS patients (p &lt; 0.01) and HC (p &lt; 0.05). CD patients had the highest prevalence (35.1%), followed by IBS (4.3%) and HCs (2.3%) (p &lt; 0.0001). IgG AZA antibodies were not found in any CD patients, IBS patients, or HC subjects. A significant positive correlation was found between IgA AZA with IgA anti-gliadin (AGA, r = 0.34, p &lt; 0.01) and IgA anti-deaminated gliadin peptides (DGP, r = 0.42, p &lt; 0.001) in the celiac disease group. Taken together, our results show for the first time a higher prevalence of AZA IgA antibodies in newly diagnosed CD patients than in IBS patients, confirming a biased immune response to other gliadin-related prolamins such as maize zeins in genetically susceptible individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T21:35:42Z","timestamp":1613597742000},"page":"649","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Prevalence of Anti-Zein Antibodies: A Comparative Study between Celiac Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4622-5427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Alberto","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Vargas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones M\u00e9dico Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Calle Agust\u00edn de Iturbide, SN, 91700 Veracruz, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karina Guadalupe","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones M\u00e9dico Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Calle Agust\u00edn de Iturbide, SN, 91700 Veracruz, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"Cabrera-Jorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones M\u00e9dico Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Calle Agust\u00edn de Iturbide, SN, 91700 Veracruz, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda","family":"Remes-Troche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones M\u00e9dico Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Calle Agust\u00edn de Iturbide, SN, 91700 Veracruz, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Job","family":"Reyes-Huerta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones M\u00e9dico Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Calle Agust\u00edn de Iturbide, SN, 91700 Veracruz, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9ctor","family":"Vivanco-Cid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones M\u00e9dico Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Calle Agust\u00edn de Iturbide, SN, 91700 Veracruz, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra071600","article-title":"Celiac Disease","volume":"357","author":"Green","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. 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