{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:35:43Z","timestamp":1791506143546,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There has been an important shift in the New Zealand infant food market over the past decade, with the majority of complementary foods now sold in \u201cpouches\u201d. Along with the increasing market share of commercial infant food pouches internationally, there have been growing concerns about their nutritional quality. However, research examining the nutritional quality of these pouches compared to other forms of commercial infant foods in New Zealand has not been undertaken. Nor have any studies reported the free sugars or added sugars content of these foods. To address this knowledge gap, a cross-sectional survey of infant foods sold in New Zealand supermarkets was conducted in 2019\u20132020. Recipes and nutrient lines were developed for the 266 foods identified (133 food pouches). The energy, iron, vitamin B12, total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars content of infant food pouches and other forms of commercial infant foods per 100 g were compared, both within food groups and by age group. Infant food pouches contained similar median amounts of energy, iron, and vitamin B12 to other forms of commercial infant foods but contained considerably more total sugars (8.4 g\/100 g vs. 2.3 g\/100 g). However, median free sugars and added sugars content was very low across all food groups except for \u201cdairy\u201d and \u201csweet snacks\u201d. All \u201cdry cereals\u201d were fortified with iron whereas none of the infant food pouches were. Therefore, consuming food pouches to the exclusion of other commercial infant foods may place infants at risk of iron deficiency if they do not receive sufficient iron from other sources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T05:39:28Z","timestamp":1613626768000},"page":"657","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Energy, Sugars, Iron, and Vitamin B12 Content of Commercial Infant Food Pouches and Other Commercial Infant Foods on the New Zealand Market"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1268-2670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioanna","family":"Katiforis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6312-7795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jillian J","family":"Haszard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiana","family":"Hape-Cramond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachael W","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2856-0782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne-Louise M","family":"Heath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Pan American Health Organization, and World Health Organization (2003). 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