{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T13:34:11Z","timestamp":1780493651064,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FOSISS-SALUD-2018-01-A3-S-37938"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOSISS-SALUD-2018-01-A3-S-37938"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between handgrip strength, nutritional status and vitamin D deficiency in Mexican community-dwelling older women. A cross sectional study in women \u2265 60 years-old was performed. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were measured by a quantitative immunoassay technique. Handgrip strength was assessed using a dynamometer, while nutritional status was assessed through the Full Mini Nutritional Assessment (Full-MNA). A total of 116 women participated in the study, their mean age was 70.3 \u00b1 5.8 years; 49.1% of the study group had plasma 25(OH)D levels lower than 40 nmol\/L [16 ng\/mL]. Meanwhile, 28.45% of participants had low handgrip strength (&lt;16 kg), and 23.1% were identified at risk of malnutrition\/malnourished according with Full-MNA score. Women with 25(OH)D deficiency (&lt;40 nmol\/L [16 ng\/mL]) were more likely to have low handgrip strength (OR = 2.64, p = 0.025) compared with those with higher 25(OH)D values. Additionally, being malnourished or at risk of malnutrition (OR = 2.53, p = 0.045) or having type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (OR = 2.92, p = 0.044) was also associated with low 25(OH)D. The prevalence of low plasma 25(OH)D concentrations was high among Mexican active older women. Low handgrip strength, being at risk of malnutrition\/malnourished, or diagnosed with T2DM was also associated with Vitamin D deficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T04:36:24Z","timestamp":1614314184000},"page":"736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Handgrip Strength, Nutritional Status and T2DM in Community-Dwelling Older Mexican Women: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Luciano","family":"Mendoza-Garc\u00e9s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Mexico City 10200, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5206-2823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Consuelo","family":"Vel\u00e1zquez-Alva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Care Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Unit Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Fernanda","family":"Cabrer-Rosales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Care Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Unit Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Arrieta-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Mexico City 10200, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Ju\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Higher Studies Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Esther","family":"Irigoyen-Camacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Care Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Unit Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saponaro, F., Saba, A., and Zucchi, R. (2020). An update on vitamin D metabolism. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186573"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rybchyn, M.S., Abboud, M., Puglisi, D.A., Gordon-Thomson, C., Brennan-Speranza, T.C., Mason, R.S., and Fraser, D.R. (2020). Skeletal muscle and the maintenance of vitamin D status. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202008.0685.v1"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00014.2015","article-title":"Vitamin D: Metabolism, molecular mechanism of action, and pleiotropic effects","volume":"96","author":"Christakos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Amelio, P., and Quacquarelli, L. (2020). Hypovitaminosis D and aging: Is there a role in muscle and brain health?. Nutrients.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030628"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.20960\/nh.1946","article-title":"Nutrients associated with diseases related to aging: A new healthy aging diet index for elderly population","volume":"35","author":"Lozano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr. Hosp."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1900906","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation and prevention of type 2 diabetes","volume":"381","author":"Pittas","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114518000491","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among US adults: Prevalence, predictors and clinical implications","volume":"119","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.120873","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in Europe: Pandemic?","volume":"103","author":"Cashman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1177\/156482651303400107","article-title":"Less than adequate vitamin D status and intake in latin america and the caribbean: A problem of unknown magnitude","volume":"34","author":"Brito","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Nutr. Bull."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in mexicans have a high prevalence: A cross-sectional analysis of the patients from the centro m\u00e9dico nacional 20 de noviembre","volume":"15","author":"Uribe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Osteoporos."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carrillo-Vega, M.F., Garc\u00eda-Pe\u00f1a, C., Guti\u00e9rrez-Robledo, L.M., and P\u00e9rez-Zepeda, M.U. (2017). Vitamin D deficiency in older adults and its associated factors: A cross-sectional analysis of the mexican health and aging study. Arch. Osteoporos., 12.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-016-0297-9"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency","volume":"357","author":"Holick","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3989","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2276","article-title":"Effects of age and serum 25-OH-Vitamin D on serum parathyroid hormone levels","volume":"97","author":"Valcour","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-016-9404-x","article-title":"Vitamin D: Musculoskeletal health","volume":"18","author":"Bhattoa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de La Cruz-G\u00f3ngora, V., Salinas-Rodr\u00edguez, A., Villalpando, S., and Flores-Aldana, M. (2019). Serum retinol but not 25(OH)D status is associated with serum hepcidin levels in older mexican adults. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11050988"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rivera-Paredez, B., Mac\u00edas, N., Mart\u00ednez-Aguilar, M.M., Hidalgo-Bravo, A., Flores, M., Quezada-S\u00e1nchez, A.D., Denova-Guti\u00e9rrez, E., Cid, M., Mart\u00ednez-Hern\u00e1ndez, A., and Orozco, L. (2018). Association between Vitamin D deficiency and single nucleotide polymorphisms in the Vitamin D receptor and GC genes and analysis of their distribution in mexican postmenopausal women. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10091175"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Durazo-Arvizu, R.A., Pacheco-Dominguez, R.L., Sempos, C.T., Kramer, H., Hoofnagle, A.N., Pirzada, A., Cooper, R.S., and Daviglus, M.L. (2019). The association between cardiovascular disease risk factors and 25-hydroxivitamin d and related analytes among Hispanic\/Latino Adults: A pilot study. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081959"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naesgaard, P.A., Le\u00f3n de la Fuente, R.A., Nilsen, S.T., P\u00f6nitz, V., Br\u00fcgger-Andersen, T., Grundt, H., Staines, H., and Nilsen, D.W.T. (2016). Suggested cut-off values for vitamin D as a risk marker for total and cardiac death in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome. Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2016.00004"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arnljots, R., Snaebj\u00f6rnsson Arnljots, E., Thorn, J., Elm, M., Moore, M., and Sundvall, P.D. (2019). Bacteriuria and Vitamin D deficiency: A cross sectional study of 385 nursing home residents. BMC Geriatr.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1400-z"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.127985","article-title":"The Vitamin D status of the US population from 1988 to 2010 using standardized serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D shows recent modest increases","volume":"104","author":"Schleicher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-014-0161-y","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence, and clinical impact of sarcopenia: Facts, numbers, and epidemiology\u2014Update 2014","volume":"5","author":"Morley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2011.12.002","article-title":"What is dynapenia?","volume":"28","author":"Clark","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/63.8.829","article-title":"Sarcopenia \u2260 Dynapenia","volume":"63","author":"Clark","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26594","article-title":"Estimation of the dietary requirement for vitamin d in healthy adults","volume":"88","author":"Cashman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112134","article-title":"Aging decreases the capacity of human skin to produce vitamin D3","volume":"76","author":"Maclaughlin","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"da Alexandre, T.S., de Duarte, Y.A.O., Santos, J.L.F., and Lebr\u00e3o, M.L. (2018). Prevalence and associated factors of sarcopenia, dynapenia, and sarcodynapenia in community-dwelling elderly in S\u00e3o Paulo\u2013SABE Study. Rev. Bras. Epidemiol., 21.","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-549720180009.supl.2"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vel\u00e1zquez-Alva, M.C., Irigoyen-Camacho, M.E., Zepeda-Zepeda, M.A., Lazarevich, I., Arrieta-Cruz, I., and D\u2019Hyver, C. (2019). Sarcopenia, nutritional status and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study in a group of mexican women residing in a nursing home. Nutr. Diet.","DOI":"10.1111\/1747-0080.12551"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.22540\/JFSF-03-194","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia and dynapenia in elderly people","volume":"3","author":"Neves","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Frailty Sarcopenia Falls"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"663","article-title":"Dietary patterns are associated with calcium and Vitamin D intake in an adult mexican population","volume":"33","author":"Clark","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr. Hosp."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-011-0022-8","article-title":"Utility of geriatric assessment tools to identify 85 years old subjects with Vitamin D deficiency","volume":"15","author":"Formiga","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos, A., Amaral, T.F., Guerra, R.S., Sousa, A.S., \u00c1lvares, L., Moreira, P., Padr\u00e3o, P., Afonso, C., and Borges, N. (2017). Vitamin D Status and associated factors among portuguese older adults: Results from the Nutrition UP 65 cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 7.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016123"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601055","article-title":"The use of the mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) tool in elderly orthopaedic patients","volume":"54","author":"Murphy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-020-00294-2","article-title":"Nutritional status and functionality in geriatric rehabilitation patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Wojzischke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Geriatr. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2014.12.022","article-title":"Vitamin D serum levels are associated with handgrip strength but not with muscle mass or length of hospital stay after hip fracture","volume":"31","author":"Gumieiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhanwal, D.K., Dharmshaktu, P., Gautam, V.K., Gupta, N., and Saxena, A. (2013). Hand Grip Strength and Its Correlation with Vitamin D in Indian patients with hip fracture. Arch. Osteoporos., 8.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-013-0158-8"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2018.06.006","article-title":"Combined effect of dynapenia (Muscle Weakness) and low vitamin d status on incident disability","volume":"20","author":"Borim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Med Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2018.07.009","article-title":"Vitamin D is associated with lower limb muscle strength and grip strength in middle eastern\u2013 and African-born immigrants in Sweden","volume":"59","author":"Granlund","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13952","article-title":"Vitamin D is related to handgrip strength in adult men aged 50 years and over: A population study from the TCLSIH cohort study","volume":"90","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S222143","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency is associated with impaired muscle strength and physical performance in community-dwelling older adults: Findings from the english longitudinal study of ageing","volume":"14","author":"Aspell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/62.4.440","article-title":"Association between vitamin d status and physical performance: The InCHIANTI study","volume":"62","author":"Houston","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Avil\u00e9s-Santa, M.L., Monroig-Rivera, A., Soto-Soto, A., and Lindberg, N.M. (2020). Current state of diabetes mellitus prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in latin America: Challenges and innovative solutions to improve health outcomes across the continent. Curr. Diabetes Rep., 20.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-020-01341-9"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villani, A., McClure, R., Barrett, M., and Scott, D. (2020). Diagnostic differences and agreement between the original and revised european working group (EWGSOP) consensus definition for sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr., 89.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104081"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2005.03.028","article-title":"Hand grip strength in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"70","author":"Cetinus","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakamura, M., Inaba, M., Yamada, S., Ozaki, E., Maruo, S., Okuno, S., Imanishi, Y., Kuriyama, N., Watanabe, Y., and Emoto, M. (2018). Association of decreased handgrip strength with reduced cortical thickness in Japanese female patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Sci. Rep., 8.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29061-x"},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Chow, S., and Shao, J.W.H. (2008). Sample Size Calculations in Clinical Research, Chapman & Hall\/CRC Biostatistics Series. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1996.tb03793.x","article-title":"Assessing the nutritional status of the elderly: The mini nutritional assessment as part of the geriatric evaluation","volume":"54","author":"Guigoz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"456","article-title":"Overview of the MNA--Its history and challenges","volume":"10","author":"Vellas","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"375","article-title":"Estandarizaci\u00f3n de m\u00e9todos epidemiol\u00f3gicos cuantitativos sobre El terreno","volume":"76","author":"Habicht","year":"1974","journal-title":"Bolet\u00edn Oficina Sanit. Panam."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Lohman, T.G., Roche, A.F., and Martorell, R. (1988). Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual, Illustrated; Human Kinetics Publishers."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"World Health Organization (1995). Physical Status: The Use and the Interpretation of Anthropometry. WHO Technical Report Series:. [854th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"World Health Organization (1998). Report of a Consultation on Obesity. Obesity Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-4543(21)00452-8","article-title":"Screening for nutritional status in the elderly","volume":"1","author":"Lipschitz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Prim. Care"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009520","article-title":"Epidemiology of Sarcopenia among the Elderly in New Mexico","volume":"147","author":"Baumgartner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","article-title":"Sarcopenia: Revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis","volume":"48","author":"Bahat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"61","article-title":"Fuctional evaluation: The barthel index","volume":"14","author":"Mahoney","year":"1965","journal-title":"Md. State Med. J."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/21551197.2013.867825","article-title":"Vitamin d status is associated with grip strength in Centenarians","volume":"33","author":"Haslam","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agergaard, J., Tr\u00f8strup, J., Uth, J., Iversen, J.V., Boesen, A., Andersen, J.L., Schjerling, P., and Langberg, H. (2015). Does Vitamin-D intake during resistance training improve the skeletal muscle hypertrophic and strength response in young and elderly men?\u2013A Randomized controlled trial. Nutr. Metab., 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-015-0029-y"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeLuca, H.F. (2014). History of the discovery of vitamin D and its active metabolites. Bonekey Rep., 3.","DOI":"10.1038\/bonekey.2013.213"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1177\/0115426507022003297","article-title":"Vitamin D and rehabilitation: Improving functional outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Shinchuk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nutr. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2976","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-0159","article-title":"1,25(OH)2 Vitamin D3 stimulates myogenic differentiation by inhibiting cell proliferation and modulating the expression of promyogenic growth factors and myostatin in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells","volume":"152","author":"Garcia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"17","article-title":"The Effect of abnormal vitamin D levels in athletes","volume":"22","author":"Narvy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Perm. J."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1249\/JES.0000000000000013","article-title":"The Emerging biomolecular role of Vitamin D in skeletal muscle","volume":"42","author":"Pojednic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exerc. Sports Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-011-9200-6","article-title":"Relevance of Vitamin D in muscle health","volume":"13","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manoy, P., Yuktanandana, P., Tanavalee, A., Anomasiri, W., Ngarmukos, S., Tanpowpong, T., and Honsawek, S. (2017). Vitamin D Supplementation improves quality of life and physical performance in osteoarthritis patients. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9080799"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.03142.x","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of the effects of Vitamin D on muscle strength and mobility in older women with Vitamin D insufficiency","volume":"58","author":"Zhu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12394","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation and its influence on muscle strength and mobility in community-dwelling older persons: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Spielau","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hum. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.21149\/7851","article-title":"Dietary intake and adequacy of energy and nutrients in mexican older adults: Results from two national health and nutrition surveys","volume":"59","year":"2017","journal-title":"Salud Publica Mex."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121254","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/121254","article-title":"Vitamin D signaling in myogenesis: Potential for treatment of sarcopenia","volume":"2014","author":"Wagatsuma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2004.19.2.265","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor expression in human muscle tissue decreases with age","volume":"19","author":"Borchers","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1017535728844","article-title":"In situ detection of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 Receptor in human skeletal muscle tissue","volume":"33","author":"Bischoff","year":"2001","journal-title":"Histochem. J."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1997.12.6.922","article-title":"Association between intestinal vitamin d receptor, calcium absorption, and serum 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D in normal young and elderly women","volume":"12","author":"Gallagher","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"V28","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.07s211","article-title":"Vitamin D and skin physiology: A D-lightful story","volume":"22","author":"Holick","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-008-0626-y","article-title":"Global Vitamin D levels in relation to age, gender, skin pigmentation and latitude: An ecologic meta-regression analysis","volume":"20","author":"Hagenau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1159\/000062967","article-title":"The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) for grading the nutritional state of elderly patients: Presentation of the MNA, history and validation","volume":"1","author":"Guigoz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nestl\u00e9 Nutr. Workshop Ser. Clin. Perform. Programme"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1314856","article-title":"Performance of the mini nutritional assessment score in the detection of Vitamin D status in an elderly greek population","volume":"44","author":"Tsagari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980010002454","article-title":"Plasma concentrations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in meat eaters, fish eaters, vegetarians and vegans: Results from the EPIC-Oxford study","volume":"14","author":"Crowe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madeira, T., Severo, M., Oliveira, A., Gorj\u00e3o Clara, J., and Lopes, C. (2020). The association between dietary patterns and nutritional status in community-dwelling older adults\u2014the PEN-3S study. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-020-00745-w"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114520001580","article-title":"Predictors of decline in vitamin d status in middle-aged and elderly individuals: A 5-year follow-up study","volume":"124","author":"Nakamura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.03.005","article-title":"Vitamin D status, determinants and relationship with biochemical profile in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Delhi, India","volume":"13","author":"Mariam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Clin. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.14712\/23362936.2016.1","article-title":"High prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D in postmenopausal women with type 2 Diabetes mellitus","volume":"117","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prague Med Rep."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1159\/000360540","article-title":"Relationship between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis","volume":"23","author":"Vujosevic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Princ. Pract."},{"key":"ref_82","first-page":"1","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation as an adjuvant therapy for patients with T2DM: An 18-month prospective interventional study","volume":"11","author":"Alkharfy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2529-x","article-title":"Low serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D level predicts progression to type 2 diabetes in individuals with prediabetes but not with normal glucose tolerance","volume":"55","author":"Deleskog","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2286","article-title":"Association of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D with Type 2 diabetes and markers of insulin resistance in a general older population in Finland","volume":"28","author":"Hurskainen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes\/Metab. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2004.03.115","article-title":"Expression of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3-1\u03b1-Hydroxylase in Pancreatic Islets","volume":"89\u201390","author":"Bland","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03350185","article-title":"Vitamin D and pancreatic islet function, I. Time course for changes in insulin secretion and content during vitamin D deprivation and repletion","volume":"11","author":"Billaudel","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Investig."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-016-3537-3","article-title":"Associations of total and free 25OHD and 1,25(OH)2D with serum markers of inflammation in older men","volume":"27","author":"Srikanth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/13\/3\/736\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:28:57Z","timestamp":1760160537000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/13\/3\/736"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["nu13030736"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13030736","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]}}}