{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T18:08:10Z","timestamp":1791655690106,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nitrate-rich food can increase nitric oxide production and improve vascular and brain functions. This study examines the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) testing the effects of prolonged consumption of different doses of dietary nitrate (NO3\u2212) in the form of beetroot juice (BJ) in overweight and obese older participants. A single-blind, four-arm parallel pilot RCT was conducted in 62 overweight and obese (30.4 \u00b1 4 kg\/m2) older participants (mean \u00b1 standard deviation (SD), 66 \u00b1 4 years). Participants were randomized to: (1) high-NO3\u2212 (HN: 2 \u00d7 70 mL BJ\/day) (2) medium-NO3\u2212 (MN: 70 mL BJ\/day), (3) low-NO3\u2212 (LN: 70 mL BJ on alternate days) or (4) Placebo (PL: 70 mL of NO3\u2212-depleted BJ on alternate days), for 13 weeks. Compliance was checked by a daily log of consumed BJ, NO3\u2212 intake, and by measuring NO3\u2212 and NO2\u2212 concentrations in plasma, saliva, and urine samples. Fifty participants completed the study. Self-reported compliance to the interventions was &gt;90%. There were significant positive linear relationships between NO3\u2212 dose and the increase in plasma and urinary NO3\u2212 concentration (R2 = 0.71, p &lt; 0.001 and R2 = 0.46 p &lt; 0.001, respectively), but relationships between NO3\u2212 dose and changes in salivary NO3\u2212 and NO2\u2212 were non-linear (R2 = 0.35, p = 0.002 and R2 = 0.23, p = 0.007, respectively). The results confirm the feasibility of prolonged BJ supplementation in older overweight and obese adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T21:02:34Z","timestamp":1614373354000},"page":"769","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Acceptability and Feasibility of a 13-Week Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial Testing the Effects of Incremental Doses of Beetroot Juice in Overweight and Obese Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Abrar M.","family":"Babateen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21421, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver M.","family":"Shannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard M.","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Okello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK"},{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anmar A.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21421, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Rubele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, St Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, 37030 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Wightman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK"},{"name":"Nutrition Trials at Northumbria (NUTRAN), Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK"},{"name":"Nutrition Trials at Northumbria (NUTRAN), Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"McMahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilara","family":"Olgacer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Koehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Fostier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Divino Espirito Santo Hospital, D. 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