{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:55:37Z","timestamp":1791489337453,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,27]],"date-time":"2021-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Malnutrition negatively affects the quality of life of patients with dysphagia. Despite the need for nutritional status assessment in patients with dysphagia, standard, effective nutritional assessments are not yet available, and the identification of optimal nutritional assessment items for patients with dysphagia is inadequate. We conducted a scoping review of the use of nutritional assessment items in adult patients with oropharyngeal and esophageal dysphagia. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched to identify articles published in English within the last 30 years. Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Seven nutritional assessment categories were identified: body mass index (BMI), nutritional screening tool, anthropometric measurements, body composition, dietary assessment, blood biomarkers, and other. BMI and albumin were more commonly assessed in adults. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM), defining new diagnostic criteria for malnutrition, includes the categories of BMI, nutritional screening tool, anthropometric measurements, body composition, and dietary assessment as its required components, but not the blood biomarkers and the \u201cother\u201d categories. We recommend assessing nutritional status, including GLIM criteria, in adult patients with dysphagia. This would standardize nutritional assessments in patients with dysphagia and allow future global comparisons of the prevalence and outcomes of malnutrition, as well as of appropriate interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,27]],"date-time":"2021-02-27T20:55:44Z","timestamp":1614459344000},"page":"778","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Nutritional Assessment in Adult Patients with Dysphagia: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5709-4541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junko","family":"Ueshima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Services, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, 5-9-22 Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa, Tokyo 141-8625, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3274-3952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryo","family":"Momosaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu Mie 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0244-1953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akio","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Hamamatsu City Rehabilitation Hospital, 1-6-1 Wago-kita, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 433-8127, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Motokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2, Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Sonoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1, Shikatacho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuka","family":"Shirai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6934-4344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiharu","family":"Uno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3261-8721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoji","family":"Kokura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Keiju Medical Center, 94 Tomiokacho, Nanao, Ishikawa 926-8605, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Midori","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ai","family":"Nishiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Service, Yasuoka Hospital, 3-16-35, Yokono-cho, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 759-6604, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Moriyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Chubu Rosai Hospital, 1-10-6 Koumei, Minato-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 455-8530, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaori","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2, Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8700-9029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kotomi","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Setagaya Memorial Hospital, 2-30-10 Noge, Setagaya, Tokyo 158-0092, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-016-9758-y","article-title":"Development of International Terminology and Definitions for Texture-Modified Foods and Thickened Fluids Used in Dysphagia Management: The IDDSI Framework","volume":"32","author":"Cichero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1590\/s0004-2803.2017v54n1-05","article-title":"Quality of life in swallowing of the elderly patients affected by stroke","volume":"54","author":"Pontes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arq. 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