{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T19:09:52Z","timestamp":1792609792866,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]],"date-time":"2021-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>So far it has not been established which maternal features play the most important role in newborn macrosomia. The aim of this study is to provide assessment of a hierarchy of twenty six (26) maternal characteristics in macrosomia prediction. A Polish prospective cohort of women with singleton pregnancy (N = 912) which was recruited in the years 2015\u20132016 has been studied. Two analyses were performed: for probability of macrosomia &gt; 4000 g (n = 97) (vs. 755 newborns 2500\u20134000 g); and for birthweight &gt; 90th percentile (n = 99) (vs. 741 newborns 10\u201390th percentile). A multiple logistic regression was used (with 95% confidence intervals (CI)). A hierarchy of significance of potential predictors was established after summing up of three prediction indicators (NRI, IDI and AUC) calculated for the basic prediction model (maternal age + parity) extended with one (test) predictor. \u2018Net reclassification improvement\u2019 (NRI) focuses on the reclassification table describing the number of women in whom an upward or downward shift in the disease probability value occurred after a new factor had been added, including the results for healthy and ill women. \u2018Integrated discrimination improvement\u2019 (IDI) shows the difference between the value of mean change in predicted probability between the group of ill and healthy women when a new factor is added to the model. The area under curve (AUC) is a commonly used indicator. Results. The macrosomia risk was the highest for prior macrosomia (AOR = 7.53, 95%CI: 3.15\u201318.00, p &lt; 0.001). A few maternal characteristics were associated with more than three times higher macrosomia odds ratios, e.g., maternal obesity and gestational age \u2265 38 weeks. A different hierarchy was shown by the prediction study. Compared to the basic prediction model (AUC = 0.564 (0.501\u20130.627), p = 0.04), AUC increased most when pre-pregnancy weight (kg) was added to the base model (AUC = 0.706 (0.649\u20130.764), p &lt; 0.001). The values of IDI and NRI were also the highest for the model with maternal weight (IDI = 0.061 (0.039\u20130.083), p &lt; 0.001), and (NRI = 0.538 (0.33\u20130.746), p &lt; 0.001). Adding another factor to the base model was connected with significantly weaker prediction, e.g., for gestational age \u2265 38 weeks (AUC = 0.602 (0.543\u20130.662), p = 0.001), (IDI = 0.009 (0.004; 0.013), p &lt; 0.001), and (NRI = 0.155 (0.073; 0.237), p &lt; 0.001). After summing up the effects of NRI, IDI and AUC, the probability of macrosomia was most strongly improved (in order) by: pre-pregnancy weight, body mass index (BMI), excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) and BMI \u2265 25 kg\/m2. Maternal height, prior macrosomia, fetal sex-son, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) occupied an intermediate place in the hierarchy. The main conclusions: newer prediction indicators showed that (among 26 features) excessive pre-pregnancy weight\/BMI and excessive GWG played a much more important role in macrosomia prediction than other maternal characteristics. These indicators more strongly highlighted the differences between predictors than the results of commonly used odds ratios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]],"date-time":"2021-02-28T20:43:32Z","timestamp":1614545012000},"page":"801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The Role of Maternal Weight in the Hierarchy of Macrosomia Predictors; Overall Effect of Analysis of Three Prediction Indicators"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8613-4955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Lewandowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, Lazarski University, 02-662 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Division of Gynecological Surgery, University Hospital, 33 Polna Str., 60-535 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Akanmode, A.M., and Mahdy, H. 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