{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T12:42:46Z","timestamp":1763988166023,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004343","name":"3M","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004343","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Treatment with prebiotics, a type of dietary fiber, was recently shown to increase antibody concentrations following influenza vaccination in a meta-analysis of clinical trials. In observational epidemiologic studies it is not possible to estimate intake of prebiotics, but quantifying intake of dietary fiber is routine. Our objective was to investigate the potential effect of dietary fiber on immunogenicity. We examined serum antibody concentrations (Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella) in relation to dietary fiber in more than 12,000 subjects in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the period 1999\u20132004. Data from one (1999\u20132002) or two (2003\u20132004) dietary recalls were used to calculate fiber intake. For Mumps the adjusted percentage difference in antibody concentration per interquartile range intake in energy-adjusted dietary fiber was 6.34% (95% confidence interval, 3.10, 9.68). Fiber from grain-based foods was more positively associated than fiber from other fiber-containing food groups. The association was slightly larger among subgroups with higher fiber intake, greater interquartile range in fiber intake, and less measurement error. Furthermore, based on the reliability of the diet recalls in 2003\u20132004, we calculated that the percentage difference per interquartile increment was substantially attenuated by measurement error. Dietary fiber may have a favorable influence on the immunogenicity of some vaccines or natural infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T04:42:46Z","timestamp":1614660166000},"page":"813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Serum Concentration of Antibodies to Mumps, but Not Measles, Rubella, or Varicella, Is Associated with Intake of Dietary Fiber in the NHANES, 1999\u20132004"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7262-4400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cynthia B.","family":"Van Landingham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ramboll U.S. Consulting, Inc., Monroe, LA 71201, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debra R.","family":"Keast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food &amp; Nutrition Database Research, Inc., Bangor, PA 18013, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew P.","family":"Longnecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ramboll U.S. Consulting, Inc., 3214 Charles B. Root Wynd, Suite 130, Raleigh, NC 27612, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calder, P.C., Carr, A.C., Gombart, A.F., and Eggersdorfer, M. (2020). Optimal Nutritional Status for a Well-Functioning Immune System Is an Important Factor to Protect against Viral Infections. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12041181"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maggini, S., Pierre, A., and Calder, P.C. (2018). Immune Function and Micronutrient Requirements Change over the Life Course. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10101531"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(20)30582-1","article-title":"Nutrition, infection, and immunocompetence","volume":"8","author":"Santos","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. N. 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