{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:34:09Z","timestamp":1790836449211,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,21]],"date-time":"2021-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a new concept where the presence of both fatty liver and metabolic abnormality are necessary for diagnosis. Several studies have reported that altered gut microbiome is closely associated with metabolic diseases and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the studies on MAFLD population are scarce. This prospective study aimed to identify differences in gut microbiome between patients with MAFLD and healthy controls in Korean population. In this study, patients with MAFLD and age, sex-matched healthy controls were included, and their stool samples were collected. Taxonomic composition of gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid pyrosequencing. Twenty-two MAFLD patients and 44 healthy controls were included. Taxonomic diversity was lower in patients with MAFLD in the aspect of alpha and beta diversity. The differences were also found at phylum, class, family, and genus levels between the two groups. Phylum Proteobacteria, family Enterobactereriaceae, genus Citrobacter abundance was significantly increased and genus Faecalibacterium was significantly decreased in patients with MAFLD. In addition, butyrate-producing bacteria were decreased and ethanol-producing bacteria were increased in patients with MAFLD. The composition of gut microbiome was different between MAFLD and healthy controls in Korean population. This could offer potential targets for therapeutic intervention in MAFLD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13031013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,21]],"date-time":"2021-03-21T23:47:41Z","timestamp":1616370461000},"page":"1013","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Characterization of Gut Microbiome in Korean Patients with Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Joo Hyun","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Samsung Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul 01830, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Je Hee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ChunLab, Inc., Seoul 06194, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Seok","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ChunLab, Inc., Seoul 06194, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeree","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06355, Korea"},{"name":"Samsung Medical Center, Institute for Future Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3385-5171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jongsik","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ChunLab, Inc., Seoul 06194, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joon Hyeok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samsung Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeup","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06355, Korea"},{"name":"Samsung Medical Center, Institute for Future Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9578-8424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wonseok","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samsung Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06355, Korea"},{"name":"Samsung Medical Center, Institute for Future Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.5370","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review","volume":"313","author":"Rinella","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.039","article-title":"A new definition for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: An international expert consensus statement","volume":"73","author":"Eslam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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