{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T02:07:17Z","timestamp":1783130837021,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Lotteries Health New Zealand","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}]},{"name":"University of Otago Research Grant","award":["na"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["na"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anemia is a significant comorbidity for older adults not fully attributable to iron deficiency. Low-grade inflammation and other micronutrient deficiencies also contribute. This cross-sectional study examined the relationships between nutrient and non-nutrient factors with hemoglobin and anemia in 285 residents (&gt;65 years) of 16 New Zealand aged-care facilities. Blood samples were analyzed for hemoglobin, ferritin, sTfR, hepcidin, zinc, selenium, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), (with ferritin, sTfR, zinc and selenium adjusted for inflammation). Linear regression models examined the relationships between micronutrient biomarkers (iron, zinc, selenium, vitamin B-12 and D), age, sex, and health factors with hemoglobin. Thirty-two percent of participants exhibited anemia, although &lt;2% had either depleted iron stores or iron deficiency. Plasma zinc and selenium deficiencies were present in 72% and 38% of participants, respectively. Plasma zinc and total body iron (TBI) were positively associated (p &lt; 0.05) with hemoglobin, while gastric acid suppressing medications, hepcidin, and interleukin-6 were inversely associated. These relationships were maintained after the application of anemia cut-offs. These findings emphasize the importance of considering multiple micronutrient deficiencies as risk factors for anemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T14:51:12Z","timestamp":1616683872000},"page":"1072","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Multiple Micronutrients, Including Zinc, Selenium and Iron, Are Positively Associated with Anemia in New Zealand Aged Care Residents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2359-2689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sue O.","family":"MacDonell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice and Primary Care, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland 1072, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jody C.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle J.","family":"Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4129-0214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malcolm R.","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trace Element Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6312-7795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jillian J.","family":"Haszard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosalind S.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa A.","family":"Houghton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2011.12.057","article-title":"Anemia in the nursing homes: A complex issue","volume":"13","author":"Morley","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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