{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T17:18:39Z","timestamp":1770139119129,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGL2017-83477-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL2017-83477-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007512","name":"Universitat Rovira i Virgili","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Mart\u00ed Franqu\u00e9s"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Mart\u00ed Franqu\u00e9s"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007512","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002809","name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Serra H\u00fanter"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Serra H\u00fanter"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The endocrine pancreas plays a key role in metabolism. Procyanidins (GSPE) targets \u03b2-cells and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-producing cells; however, there is no information on the effects of GSPE on glucagon. We performed GSPE preventive treatments administered to Wistar rats before or at the same time as they were fed a cafeteria diet during 12 or 17 weeks. We then measured the pancreatic function and GLP-1 production. We found that glucagonemia remains modified by GSPE pre-treatment several weeks after the treatment has finished. The animals showed a higher GLP-1 response to glucose stimulation, together with a trend towards a higher GLP-1 receptor expression in the pancreas. When the GSPE treatment was administered every second week, the endocrine pancreas behaved differently. We show here that glucagon is a more sensitive parameter than insulin to GSPE treatments, with a secretion that is highly linked to GLP-1 ileal functionality and dependent on the type of treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T06:59:42Z","timestamp":1616741982000},"page":"1084","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Glucagon Shows Higher Sensitivity than Insulin to Grapeseed Proanthocyanidin Extract (GSPE) Treatment in Cafeteria-Fed Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5128-9607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carme","family":"Grau-Bov\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Gin\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9691-1906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Beltr\u00e1n-Deb\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1043-5844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ximena","family":"Terra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6256-9847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"MTeresa","family":"Blay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3550-5378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Montserrat","family":"Pinent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0156-7538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Ard\u00e9vol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2011.01450.x","article-title":"Regulation of glucagon secretion by glucose: Paracrine intrinsic or both?","volume":"13","author":"Walker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. 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